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The current study was designed to evaluate the magnitude and types of counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs) among a group of white-collar employees from different firms. A total of 766 employees voluntarily participated in our study. We focused especially on employees' perceptions of their work environment and on their affective responses to those perceptions. Data were dependent on self-reporting and privacy, and anonymity measures were taken into account. The five different instruments used to evaluate job satisfaction were, organizational constraints, interpersonal conflict, quantitative workload and CWB. We found a high degree of job satisfaction, a minimal quantitative workload and a limited exhibition of CWBs among our sample. Organizational constraints were found to be the most strongly correlated to exhibited CWBs, followed by interpersonal conflict and quantitative workload. Job satisfaction had a diminishing effect on CWBs. Among the five dimensions of CWBs, abuse and withdrawal were found to be the most important. The most frequently reported CWB was 'came to work late without permission.' Except for income we found no statistically significant relationship between demographic characteristics and the exhibition of CWBs. We concluded that by abolishing pre-existing organizational constraints there may be a reduction in CWBs.

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Complex networks often display network motifs and these can be described as subgraphs. Methods for analyzing complex networks promise to be of great benefit to almost all scientific disciplines including sports. In football if we want to disrupt the opponent's game format, we must first be aware of the pass motifs that the team often uses. Determining how to break these motifs will make an important contribution to the success of a team. In this study, 3-nodes and 4-nodes pass motifs of the teams were examined within the frame of a data set of ten games and the most frequent repetitions of these motifs were determined. In addition, we suggest that in a match, the balance can be measured by the correlation between the frequencies of the motif types and there may be an inverse relationship between this correlation and the difference in the goals of the match.

The importance of educational opportunity inequality has been increasing within the context of education systems during recent years. In addition to quality in education, opportunity equality is among the significant paradigms in countries of high educational performance. Thus, it is of utmost importance to research the relationship between socio-economic characteristics of the students and achievement based on opportunity equality. Especially to remove the gap observed in Turkish literature is among the objectives of the present study. The main objective of the study is to assess the socio-demographic characteristics that affect the achievement of students in mathematics within the context of educational opportunity equality for PISA 2012 Turkey sample. Data analysis was conducted with quantile regression (QR) and classical linear regression (OLS). As a result, it was determined that students' family background, familiarity with information and communication technology and school climate were affective on mathematics achievement. It was observed that as parentel education, educational resources at home, and index of familty wealth increased, mathematics achievement increased as well. It was also observed that time of computer use had a negative effect on achievement in mathematics. Furthermore, study findings identified that the achievement of male students was higher than females.