<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Tempeh consumption has been linked to the improvement of cognitive function in older people. However, to what extent the amount of microorganism or the size of tempeh serving consumed per day influences the benefit to cognitive functions has not yet been studied. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This experimental study involved a total of 90 respondents, who were divided into 3 groups: group A (consuming 100 g of Tempeh A/day), group B (consuming 100 g of Tempeh B/day), and group C (control). Intervention was given for 6 months. Cognitive assessments were done before and after the intervention. Blood uric acid level was checked at the end of intervention to examine the effect of tempeh consumption on this. The inclusion criteria were respondents aged 60 years or over with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) who agreed not to consume other fermented food during the study period. Respondents with diabetes were excluded. <b><i>Results:</i></b> There were 84 subjects at the end of the study, majority being female (71.4%) and aged over 65 years (72.6%). An increase in global cognitive scores was found in both groups A and B. The increase in language domain scores was found only in group A. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Both Tempeh A or Tempeh B consumption for 6 months appeared to be beneficial in improving global cognitive function of older people with MCI. Consuming Tempeh A, which had a lower number of microorganisms, was also associated with an improvement in the language domain.

IntroductionOral consumption of probiotics can alter Gut Microbiota by causing changes in the production of probiotic derivatives. Therefore, by utilizing Gut-Brain-Axis (GBA), probiotics could provide an opportunity for central nervous system (CNS) modulation, including cognitive function. Tempeh is a traditional Indonesian food rich in probiotics and beneficial for cognitive function. However, the type of probiotics that play a role in cognitive improvement and the number of probiotics needed for the benefits of increasing cognitive function was unknown.MethodThis experimental study involved a total of 93 subjects, divided into 3 groups: A, B and C/control (n: 33, 32, and 28), who were provided with probiotic supplementation isolated from tempeh for 12 weeks intervention. Inclusion criteria were age &gt; 60 years, and memory impairment with the third repetition value of Word List Memory Immediate Recall (WLMIR) &lt; 7. Subjects with diabetes were excluded. Cognitive function examinations were carried out before and after treatment. The tempeh-derived probiotics were prepared trough several processes. Genomic isolation, detection of GABA-encoding genes, and species identification using the 16S-rRNA gene encoding were performed.ResultsThe probiotics isolate used in the intervention was identified as Limosilactobacillus fermentum. We assigned this isolate as L. fermentum A2.8. The presence of the gene encoding GABA was found on this isolate. There was an increase in the cognitive domains of memory, learning process, and verbal fluency (p &lt; 0.05) in group A (probiotics at concentration of 108 CFU/mL). Memory function, visuospatial, and verbal fluency improved (p &lt; 0.05) in group B (probiotics at concentration of 107 CFU/mL). Only an increase in the memory domain was observed in the control group. Improvement of the learning process occurred only in group A (p = 0.006).ConclusionAdministration of probiotics derived from L. fermentum A2.8 increased the cognitive domains of memory, language and visuospatial function. However, probiotic supplementation at a concentration of 108 CFU/mL was better in improving the learning process. This study succeeded in detecting Lactic Acid Bacterial isolates L. fermentum A2.8 that enclosed gene encoding glutamate decarboxylase (gad) which is involved in the synthesis of -aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter vital for cognitive function.

Tujuan Mendapatkan gambaran pengaruh air oksigen terhadap diabetes mellitus. Metode Penelitian ini menggunakan disain uji klinik acak tersamar ganda, dengan 108 subyek diabetes mellitus. Setiap kelompok dibagi secara acak menjadi 2 sub kelompok. Satu subkelompok diberikan air oksigen dan subkelompok lain diberikan bukan air oksigen dalam 2 tahap intervensi, 45 hari dan 90 hari. Variabel yang diukur adalah kadar gula darah dan malondialdehyde (MDA) dengan pengendalian enam faktor perancu : jenis kelamin, umur, merokok, olah raga, konsumsi vitamin dan status gizi. Hasil Didapatkan bahwa konsumsi air oksigen selama 90 hari, dapat menurunkan kadar gula darah postprandial pada subyek diabetes mellitus. Kadar MDA pada subyek diabetes mellitus dengan status gizi normal, cenderung menurun pada subyek yang mengkonsumsi air oksigen selama 45 hari. Sebagian besar subyek merasa lebih sehat dan lebih segar setelah mengkonsumsi air oksigen. Kesimpulan Air oksigen dapat meningkatkan proses penyembuhan subyek dengan diabetes mellitus.

Abstract Background: Inappropriate sexual behavior with negative attitudes and low knowledge can reduce the quality of life of adolescents. Risky sexual behavior increases the spread of sexually transmitted diseases and abortion. Objectives: To determine factors that influence sexual behavior of junior high school students in West Jakarta. Methods: The study design was a cross-sectional study in 541 junior high school students in West Jakarta. The study sample was junior high school students in West Jakarta who attend school from June to September 2019. The research instrument used was characteristic questionnaire, sexual knowledge questionnaire, sexual attitude questionnaire, sexual behavior questionnaire, Rosernberg Self-Esteem Scale questionnaire, and child care pattern questionnaire directly filled in by respondents. Data analysis performed was univariate, bivariate, and multivariate. The dependent variable of research is sexual behavior. Results: There were 48% of respondents with risky sexual behavior and 2% with unsafe risky sexual behavior, 79% of respondents have low sexual knowledge and 46% of respondents have negative sexual attitudes. There were 35% of respondents with low self-image and 26% with exposure parenting and 12% permissive parenting. Bivariate analysis showed that there was significant relationship between sexual behaviour and age, gender, class level, sexual knowledge, and sexual attitudes (p <0.05). Multivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between age, sex, class level, sexual knowledge, sexual attitudes and sexual behaviour (p <0.05). The dominant factor influencing sexual behavior was class level. Conclusion: Low knowledge, negative sexual attitudes, low self-image and exposure care patterns increase the risk of risky sexual behavior. Factors of sexual knowledge, sexual attitudes, age, sex, and class level can help to prevent risky sexual behaviour among junior high school adolescents. Keywords: Sexual knowledge, Sexual attitude, Sexual behavior, Self-image, Parenting.     Abstrak Latar Belakang: Perilaku seksual yang tidak tepat dengan sikap negatif dan pengetahuan yang rendah dapat menurunkan kualitas hidup remaja. Perilaku seksual yang berisiko mengakibatkan peningkatkan penyebaran penyakit menular seksual dan aborsi. Tujuan: Mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku seksual siswa SMP di Jakarta Barat. Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah studi potong lintang pada 541 siswa SMP di Jakarta Barat. Sampel penelitian adalah siswa SMP Jakarta Barat yang bersekolah pada bulan Juni-September 2019. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan merupakan kuesioner karakteristik, kuesioner pengetahuan seksual, kuesioner sikap seksual, kuesioner perilaku seksual, kuesioner Rosernberg Self-Esteem Scale, dan kuesioner pola asuh anak yang diisi langsung oleh responden. Analisis data yang dilakukan adalah secara univariat, bivariat, dan multivariat. Variabel dependen penelitian adalah perilaku seksual. Hasil: Empat puluh delapan persen responden memiliki perilaku seksual berisiko dan 2 persen berperilaku seksual berisiko tidak aman, 79 persen responden memiliki pengetahuan seksual rendah dan 46 persen responden memiliki sikap seksual negatif. Sebesar 35 persen responden memiliki citra diri rendah dan 26 persen memiliki tipe pola asuh exposure di antaranya 12 persen pola asuh tipe permisif. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan hubungan bermakna antara perilaku seksual dengan usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat kelas, pengetahuan seksual, dan sikap seksual (p£0,05). Analisis multivariat menunjukkan adanya hubungan bermakna antara perilaku seksual dengan usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat kelas, pengetahuan seksual dan sikap seksual (p£0,05). Faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi perilaku seksual adalah tingkat kelas. Kesimpulan: Pengetahuan rendah, sikap seksual negatif, citra diri rendah dan pola asuh exposure meningkatkan risiko terjadinya perilaku seksual berisiko. Faktor pengetahuan seksual, sikap seksual, usia, jenis kelamin, dan tingkat kelas dapat membantu mencegah perilaku seksual berisiko pada remaja SMP.   Kata kunci: Pengetahuan seksual, Sikap-perilaku seksual negatif, Citra diri, Pola asuh, Remaja

BACKGROUNDApproximately 10-27% of the population aged >65 years suffers from frailty. The percentage increases with age so that the prevalence of frailty in the population aged >85 years reaches 45%. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between frailty and quality of life (QOL) in nursing home elderly.