Manga (komik Jepun) dan anime (animasi Jepun) berkait rapat dengan budaya, sejarah, politik, ekonomi, keluarga, agama, kepercayaan dan gender yang merupakan dua budaya popular utama Jepun dan sangat popular di seluruh dunia. Manga dan anime merupakan refleksi kepada fantasi, kepercayaan, nilai dan mitos masyarakat Jepun. Kertas kerja ini ditulis berdasarkan kajian kepustakaan terhadap rujukan dalam bahasa Melayu, Inggeris dan Jepun serta lawatan penulis ke Kyoto International Manga Museum, Tokyo International Manga Museum dan Saitama Municipal Cartoon Building Hall serta Pusat Dokumentasi Melayu, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur. Kertas kerja ini menyorot perkembangan manga dan anime serta membandingkan kedua-duanya dengan komik dan animasi Melayu. Pada masa yang sama kertas kerja ini cuba menemukan kerelevanan komik dan animasi Melayu pada persada antarabangsa. Tiada kajian terperinci dilakukan oleh pengkaji tempatan terhadap komik mahupun animasi Melayu baik dari segi sejarah awal penulisan komik, plot cerita, budaya atau tulisan yang terkandung dalam komik Melayu. Objektif kertas kerja ini adalah untuk menerangkan perkembangan komik dan animasi sejak awal sehingga kini serta membandingkan kedua-duanya dari segi fungsinya pada waktu tertentu. Hasil kajian menunjukkan penulisan karikatur Jepun telah pun bermula semenjak zaman pramoden Jepun sebelum tahun 1600 berbanding komik Melayu yang cuma boleh dirujuk seawal 1950-an. Bagi komik dan animasi Melayu, garis masa yang sesuai untuk membezakan perkembangannya adalah sebelum dan selepas 1980an. Apa yang boleh disimpulkan adalah komik Melayu ataupun lakaran berbentuk humor sangat baharu, malah tiada kajian yang signifikan telah dijalankan setakat ini oleh penyelidik tempatan.

Negotiation is something that we do all the time. Negotiation is usually considered as a compromise to settle an argument or issue to benefit ourselves as much as possible. Communication is always the link that will be used to negotiate the problem whether it is face-to-face, on the telephone or in writing. Negotiation is not always between two people, it can involve several members from two parties. Children will negotiate among themselves everyday. They will negotiate when they faced with conflict. There are ways in helping children resolve conflict in communication and therefore negotiation plays an important role. The objectives of this paper are to identify the conflict pattern in communication and the use of negotiation skills in resolving conflict in communication among primary school children. A class of 20 subjects from a school in Selangor, Malaysia was chosen to find out the conflict pattern in communication via negotiation skills. The research was carried out for 3 months with the help of the class teacher. It is found that children are able to resolve conflict in communication by the use of negotiation skills.

This article aims to analyse elements of Confucian philosophy in Soo Cham’s novel, Air Mata Ibu . The research was carried out based on the understanding that literature is not merely beautiful but also heavily-infused with an all-encompassing philosophy of life that is to be conveyed to the reader. Therefore, this article attempts to explore Confucian philosophy in this novel by the Chinese-Malaysian writer, Soo Cham (2007). The findings of this study show that the ren , zhi , yi , and li concepts of Confucian philosophy, as well as the importance of education, can be applied in human life and are found in this novel. Keywords: Confucian philosophy, ren , zhi , yi , li , education, novel, Malaysian-Chinese Abstrak Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis falsafah konfusius yang terdapat dalam novel Air Mata Ibu karya Soo Cham. Kajian ini dijalankan dengan bertitik tolak daripada pemahaman bahawa sastera bukan sekadar bersifat indah tetapi sarat dengan falsafah yang ingin disampaikan kepada pembaca dan merangkumi semua aspek dalam kehidupan manusia. Oleh itu, kajian ini cuba meneroka falsafah Konfusius dalam novel karya penulis Cina, Soo Cam (2007). Hasil kajian menunjukkan konsep yang dibawa oleh Konfusius, iaitu ren , zhi , yi , li dan kepentingan pendidikan dapat diaplikasikan dalam kehidupan manusia dan terdapat dalam novel ini. Kata kunci: Falsafah konfisius, ren , zhi , yi , li , pendidikan, novel, Cina

The collections of fables and folklores from the archipelago in the 19th century have not been fully explored and studied extensively yet. This research discovered a number of selected collections of folklores in the library of Leiden University, Netherlands. One of the collections were these books, discovered in three versions; Tjarito-Tjarito Senderan Pengadjaran Kepada Manosia (1867) compiled by someone unnamed and Tjerita-Tjerita Peroepama-an compiled by Tweede Druk. Both books were printed in Batavia. Meanwhile, the third version of the manuscript entitled Tjarita-tjarita paroepamaan was handwritten in an exercise book by St. Malintang, a teacher at Paya Kumbuh, dated 20 December 1894. The stories in this special collection were presented in short forms with particular messages, suitable for children. This study seeks to classify and analyse the suitability of thinking elements contained in the stories from the perspective of children in the 21st century. A total number of 450 children in Malaysia were invited at random to see how they perceive the thinking in the mentioned folklore collection. The finding shows that the children enjoy reading stories related to their psychological development because the stories reinforce the elements of self-esteem and love and affection.

Language is an important element in the construction of literary works. A good language can educate the community. The same goes the other way around. Therefore, an author needs to choose the language wisely so that the message, lesson, and advice can be well received by the readers. This study aims to classify and analyze the community's socio-culture found in literary texts. This study utilized textual analysis that using malay folklore. Malay folklore contains many socio-cultural aspects that reflect community life, especially in the use of language. The findings show that the Malay community uses language in literary works to educate the community through continuous learning and mutual respect.