Thalassemia is an inherited disorder of autosomal recessive gene caused by decrease or absent production of one or two type of globin chain. This disorder will affect the quality and quantity of blood production. In Indonesia, thalassemia is not concerned as urgency, although it lies in thalassemia belt area. Thalassemia is classified according to the particular globin chain which affected such as a-thalassemia and b-thalassemia. Besides thalassemia, there are variant hemoglobinopathy called HbE. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of thalassemia carriers among the volunteer of screening in Yogyakarta Special Region from 2012 until 2015. The thalassemia carrier screening was conducted by collaborating with Indonesian Association of Parents of Children with Thalassemia (APCT) Yogyakarta. The hematological measurement and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) were performed on Prodia Laboratory Yogyakarta. The analysis of carriers prevalence was conducted in Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. Among 241 volunteers, we found 44 volunteers was diagnosed as b-thalassemia carrier, 30 volunteers as a-thalassemia carrier as well as HbE disorder carrier, and 1 volunteer was diagnosed as a-b-thalassemia carrier. The number of thalassemia carrier shows no significant difference each year. The prevalence of thalassemia carrier is high, even though the distribution is limited by the location where the screening took place. ABSTRAKThalassemia adalah kelainan bawaan pada gen resesif autosomal akibat penurunan atau tidak diproduksinya satu atau dua jenis rantai globin. Kelainan ini mempengaruhi kualitas dan kuantitas produksi darah. Di Indonesia, thalasemia belum menjadi masalah penting walaupun lokasinya termasuk dalam daerah sabuk thalasemia. Thalasemia diklasifikasikan berdasarkan rantai globin yang mengalami mutasi yaitu a-thalasemia dan b-thalasemia. Selain thalasemia, ada satu varian hemoglobinopati yang disebut HbE. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan prevalensi thalasemia di antara relawan skrining di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta dari tahun 2012 sampai 2015. Skening thalasemia dilakukan dengan bekerjasama Perhimpunan Orang tua Penderita Thalasemia Indonesia (POPTI), Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Pemeriksaan hematologi dan High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) dilakukan di Laboratorum Klinik Prodia, Yogyakarta. Analisis prevalensi pembawa gen thalasemia dilakukan di Laboratorium Genetik dan Pemuliaan, Fakultas Biologi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. Dari 241 sukarelawan yang diskrining, 44 sukarelawan didiagnosis sebagai pembawa a-thalasemia, 30 pembawa 107 Nailil Husna et al., Prevalence and distribution of thalassemia trait screening b-thalasemia dan HbE serta satu pembawa a-b-thalasemia. Jumlah pembawa thalasemia tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan setiap tahunnya. Prevalensi pembawa thalasemia tinggi, meskipun distribusinya dibatasi oleh lokasi dimana skrining dilakukan.

Bacterial resistance to exis ng an bio cs has driven a search for new an bio cs from marine ac nobacteria. Bioac vity and gene c screening of ac nobacteria associated with red algae Gelidiella acerosa were conducted to discover new an bacterial compounds against Vibrio alginoly cus. A total of 14 ac nobacteria isolates were obtained from G. acerosa. The isolates were subjected to gene c screening for nrps (non-ribosomal pep de synthetase) and FADH 2 -dependent halogenase genes. The isolates' ability to produce secondary metabolites was examined by fermenta on in various media in a six-well mini plate. The bioac vity of the secondary metabolites was screened using a micro ter assay and the agar overlay method. The results showed that all 14 isolates had the nrps gene, whereas none had the halogenase gene. Meanwhile, eight of the ac nobacteria isolates showed an bacterial ac vity against V. alginoly cus.

The dactyl plunger of Alpheus sp. was found to be a layered composite, with mineral-rich outer and inner layers and a chitin-rich middle layer of high porosity. The chitin-rich middle layer is itself composed of several porous chitin laminae. Modelling heat conduction through the plunger cross-section revealed that the chitin-rich layer is able to insulate heat and retard its progress through the material. Heat accumulates in the plunger after a series of successive snaps and as such, its thermally resistant design can be considered most useful under the conditions of successive snapping. The plunger has a concurrent mechanical damage-tolerant design with biogenic mineral layers, viscous (chitin-mineral) interfaces, energy-dissipating porous chitin, and sidewalls composed of ordered, layered aragonite. The snapping shrimp plunger has a design that may protect it and internal soft tissues from thermomechanical damage during plunger-socket compression prior to cavitation bubble release.

Indonesia has high biodiversity, one of them is the diversity of giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man, 1879). The giant freshwater prawn was easy to reproduce and has high nutritional value. This study was conducted to determine the morphological variation of inbreed and outbreed of Probolinggo and Mahakam (Mama, Gogo, Goma, and Mago) populations that was developed in Unit Kerja Budidaya Air Payau Balai Budidaya Udang Galah (UKBAP BBUG) Samas as a basic for seed selection. Research of morphological variation carried out by observing 12 morphological characters, four meristic characters and 52 morphometric characters in four populations. Analysis of basic morphometric characters using a statistical program to determine the linear regression and the significance of parameters. Analysis of morphological characters using a statistical program to make dendrogram showing the similarity of four populations. The result of morphometry shows that the ratio of cephalothorax and abdomen of Mago and Goma is lower than Mama and Gogo. When viewed from the ratio of the carapace and rostrum length, Mago produces the longest rostrum. So, when only carapace length is compared to abdomen length, Mago showed the greatest value.Gogo has the highest ratio of cephalothorax and abdomen, while Mago has the highest ratio of carapace and abdomen among populations. Morphological data analysis showed that Gogo and Goma had reached 76% similarity, Goma and Mama have a similarity of 68% while Mago has 52% similarity with another three populations.

Abstract. Wahyudi D, Aman AT, Handayani NSN, Soetarto ES. 2019. Differences among clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in their capability of forming biofilms and their susceptibility to antibiotics. Biodiversitas 20: 1450-1456. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important nosocomial pathogen capable of causing both acute and chronic infections. The individuals of this bacterium have differences in their capability of forming biofilms.  Biofilm is a collection of bacterial cells attached to the tissue, coated by polysaccharides and extracellular matrix, enabling bacteria to become resistant to antibiotics, so infection is difficult to treat.  The aim of this study was to know the differences among clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in their capability of forming biofilms, and their susceptibility to some antibiotics. The bacteria were isolated from various patient samples at Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta, Indonesia, from August to December 2017. The isolates were purified using single cell colony technique.  The bacterial identification and tests of susceptibility to many antibiotic were conducted using automatic equipment (vitex® 2). Test method of biofilm formation was done using the Tissue Culture Plate. The readings of results were monitored spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 570 nm and repeated 8 times. DNA isolation was done using Qiagen DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit, and gene identification (pelD and pslA) was done using PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and visualization through electrophoresis.  The results showed that of the 64 isolates of P. aeruginosa from blood, sputum, urine, ear middle, urine catheter, pleural fluid, pus, stool, aspirate, and cerebrospinal, 22% were low in forming biofilm, 50% moderate, and 28% high. Isolates of P. aeruginosa were resistant to ampicillin, cefazolin, tigecycline, nirofurantoin, and cotrimoxazole, but sensitive to piperacillin, ceftazidime, cefepime, aztreonam, meropenem, amikacin, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin. The genes of pelD and pslA were present in all P. aeruginosa isolates (low, moderate, dan high).   In conclusion, P. aeruginosa clinical isolates had different capability of forming biofilms and susceptibility to antibiotics. Isolates having high ability to form biofilm were relatively more resistant to many antibiotics. They were most sensitive to amikacin and resistant to ampicillin.  There was no difference in the presence of mop pelD and pslA among all isolates.