HeLa cells, before and after treatment with nanoparticles.

1.The present study describes a direct and an alternative HPLC method for the determination of etoposide in injectable dosage forms. Etoposide, an antineoplastic drug, was eluted through C 18 ODS Hypersil column of 250 × 4.6 mm id with 5 µm particle size using simple mobile phase of methanol: water (1:1, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min -1 and detected at 204 nm. The limit of detection of etoposide was 0.03 µg mL -1. The proposed method was found linear in the range of 0.25 µg mL -1 to 62.5 µg mL -1 and CV was 1.3% at 0.25 µg mL -1 , 0.48% at 3.90 µg mL -1 and 0.13% at 62.5 µg mL -1 . The accuracy of the developed method for two injectable dosage forms was 99.4 and 99.7% with RSD of 0.3%. The validation results and statistical data demonstrate that the method is simple, cost effective, reproducible and suitable in quality analysis of the active ingredient and dosage form.

Background: Anthocleista vogelii Planch is a medicinal plant used by traditional healers in the treatment of Malaria, hypertension, ulcer, obesity, diabetes, and as a diuretic and purgative in Africa. Therefore, the present study sought to evaluate the diuretic, antidiuretic and laxative activities of the root bark of A. vogelii extracts and fractions in male SpragueDawley rats. Materials and methods: Sixty rats were placed in 10 groups which included: control (normal saline), furosemide/sodium picosulfate (25 mg/kg) as standard drugs, methanol extracts (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg), and 125 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg of saponin, flavonoid and neutral alkaloid fractions of A. vogelii. The drugs/extracts/fractions were administered orally using normal saline as the vehicle. Results: The 500 mg/kg methanol extracts (ME) significantly increased (p<0.05) the urine volume and electrolytes (Na + , K + and Cl -) excreted, while 125 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg flavonoid fraction (FF) decreased significantly (p<0.05) urine volume and electrolytes (Na + , K + and Cl -) excreted, but doses of saponin fraction (SF) and neutral alkaloid fraction (NAF) had no significant difference (p<0.05) compared to the control after 5 hrs. ME, SF, NAF significantly increased (p<0.05) the fecal output of the animals when compared to the control, while FF showed no significant difference (p<0.05) after 8 hrs of administration. Conclusions: This study determined that ME revealed diuretic activity, although not remarkable to furosemide, while FF showed antidiuretic activity, and potent laxative activities were discovered in ME and SF of A. vogelii.