No abstract

Drinks are important in the human diet. The most promising ones include fermented beverages enriched with bioactive substances of their raw materials and with products of their fermentation. Gluten-free foods, too, are becoming popular as there are more and more people worldwide suffering from coeliac disease. The paper presents the results of theoretical and experimental research on developing a technology of a fermented soft drink based on rice as a gluten-free raw material. The domestic cultivars of husked and unhusked rice described in the paper are Agat, Prestizh, and Premium. Their physical, biological, and physicochemical parameters have been studied, and their amino acid and vitamin composition, the content of macronutrients and trace elements have been determined. According to the research results, it is practical to use rice of the Agat variety in the technology of fermented beverages. Compared with the samples of Premium and Prestizh, the extractivity of Agat is higher by 2–5%, and as to the soundness of its kernels and the husk content, it exceeds them, respectively, by 2.5 and 5.5%. The fat content, which reduces the amount of esters formed during fermentation and adversely affects the foam retention of a drink, was lower in Agat by 28–37%. The content of protein compounds, vitamins, macronutrients and trace elements in grain is essential for the technology of fermented beverages. It has been established that Agat is higher in amino acids than other varieties are: by 5.7% (husked) and by 18% (unhusked). The highest content of vitamins has been found in Agat rice (on average, by 9.4% more of them). Compared with the other cultivars, unhusked Agat rice is higher in the macronutrients and trace elements that are vital for yeast activity: calcium – by 28%, magnesium – by 24%, iron – by 10–18%, copper – by 16.6%. The optimal initial concentration of yeast cells in the wort is 3–5 million/cm3. When using husked rice, the acidity of the wort at the end of fermentation was higher by 7.6% than it was in the wort made with unhusked rice. When comparing different varieties of rice, the acidity values of the fermented wort did not differ significantly. All samples had high sensory qualities characteristic of fermented beverages.

In recent decades, there has been a tendency in the world to increase ethanol production significantly in order to solve energy problems, that is, to use it as a biofuel. The factors determining the production cost of targeted biotechnological products include the output of these products from the raw materials used. One of the modern and effective ways to intensify alcoholic fermentation and reduce the cost of fuel ethanol is yeast recirculation. The research objects were: raw material (sugarbeet molasses), molasses wort, yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae of the strain M-5, fermented wash and its distillates. In the raw materials, intermediate products, and fermented wash, the techno-chemical parameters recommended by the current technology regulations for obtaining spirit from molasses have been determined. Acoholic fermentation was carried out in an industrial environment, in a battery of series-connected fermentors. Recirculation of yeast was carried out by separating it from the final stage of fermentation, concentrating it on the separator, and introducing it into the first fermentor. The experimental data obtained prove that for wort fermentation, it is effective to use yeast that recirculates in the anaerobic stage. It has been established that the alcohol-forming power of recycled yeast increases as the yeast adapts to the environment in which it has been staying for a long time. The yeast becomes more active biochemically, with more efficient metabolism. Its need for continuously cultured biomass is reduced, the share of aerobically assimiliated sugars decreases, and, consequently, the losses during yeast generation are fewer. At the same time, accelerating the initial period of anaerobic fermentation helps inhibit the biosynthesis of glycerol, the formation of which consumes the largest amount of sugar among all the secondary products. The parameters of molasses wort fermentation, with yeast biomass recirculating, have been determined in an industrial environment. It has been established that the alcohol output from the raw materials increases as the synthesis of secondary metabolic products weakens. The advantages of this fermentation method will be used in further studies, namely when fermenting molasses wort, with an increased concentration of dry matter, in order to reduce the specific heat energy consumption in production and to make it cheaper. The developed biotechnology of alcohol can be usefully employed to produce fuel ethanol, and increasing its production will contribute to Ukraine’s energy self-sufficience.

Вступ. Умови існування харчових під­приємств на сучасному етапі визначаються наявністю діючої й результативної системи менеджменту безпечності та якості. Згідно з принципами НАССР аналіз небезпечних факто­рів необхідно проводити як щодо сировини, так і напівпродуктів, з метою виявлення мож­ливих ризиків отримання невідповідної продукції. Проблема. Використання у виробництві безалкогольних напоїв соку цукрового сорго (СЦС) як основи в рецептурі продукту дасть змогу отримати високоякісний соковий напій, збагачений біологічно активними речовинами. Метою статті є аналіз безпечності та якості сусла на основі СЦС як напівпродукту, вста­новлення параметрів його пастеризації для отримання безпечних і високоякісних напоїв. Методи. Як об’єкт дослідження викорис­тано цукрове сорго сорту Фаворит. Для визначення фізико-хімічних та мікро­біологічних показників сусла на основі СЦС і готового напою застосовано загальноприй­няті та стандартизовані методи досліджень. Результати дослідження. Встановлено, що мікробіота соку цукрового сорго і сусла на його основі представлена переважно мезо­фільними аеробними та факультативно-анае­робними мікроорганізмами, спороутворюваль­ними бактеріями й дріжджами. При цьому у соку, суслі та готовому напої відсутні бак­терії групи кишкової палички (коліформи) й умовно-патогенні мікроорганізми, зокрема коагулазопозитивні стафілококи. Для забез­пе­чення відповідності сусла та безалкоголь­ного напою на його основі гігієнічним вимо­гам щодо вмісту мікроорганізмів і збере­ження у продукті важливих біологічно активних речо­вин похідної сировини встановлено режим пастеризації сусла: температура 78 ± 2.0 °С, тривалість 15–20 хв. Висновки. Отримане сусло на основі соку цукрового сорго може бути рекомендовано як безпечний напівпродукт для виробництва як сокових, так і ферментованих безалкоголь­них напоїв.

The article is devoted to the improvement of the technology of meat products manufacturing with the usage of phytopreparations. The phytopreparation “Health”, on the basis of herbal additives of Chamomile, Hypericum, Oregano, Thyme and Calendula (marigolds) as preservatives in the production of cooked sausages, is developed. The ingredient composition is substantiated and the recipe of sausages is optimized with the usage of the developed phytopreparation. It is found that its use can increase the shelf life of sausages by 35%, increase the pH level and the proportion of bound moisture. Finished sausage products have acceptable organoleptic properties, higher nutritional value and meet safety requirements. The economic efficiency of production is determined, which increases the net profit by 14.3% and the level of profitability by 30.9%. The social effect of the use of such sausage products, which is to protect human health by the biological risk reduction associated with exposure to toxic microorganisms, is also found.