Proper management of rice cultivation through the use of superior varieties and the application of a planting system adapted to site-specific conditions are very important in increasing rice yields. The purpose of this study was to determine and obtain the appropriate planting system to increase rice yield of superior varieties. The experiment adopted a split plot arranged in a randomized complete block design with two mainplot (planting systems) and three subplot (rice varieties) replicated four times.

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Nutrient management and fertilizer application are paramount elements for increasing rice productivity. However, most of farmers are still applying fertilizer in an improper way and hence economic benefit of the yield remain low. The objective of this study was to examine various fertilizer recommendations and hence the best and efficient dose of fertilizer can be obtain to increase growth and yield of rice. This experiment was conducted in farmers irrigated lowland Sukabumi, West Java in dry season 2019. The material used was high yielding IR-64 rice variety subjected to six fertilizer recommendation, namely urea only (A), LKP (B), factory’s recommendation (C), PUTS, (D), KATAM (E) and farmer’s practice (F). This experiment was arranged in randomized block design (RBD) with four replications. The quantitative morphological and physiological traits and financial analysis were observed. The result showed that fertilizer significantly affected morphological, physiological parameters and grain yield of rice. PUTS and KATAM (9,7t/ha) treatments had higher grain yield compared to other treatments. Fertilizer by farmer’s practice tended lower in morphological, physiological and grain yield responses compared to other fertilizer recommendation. Similar pattern showed for yield components such as panicle number, grains number and % empty grain were also affected by fertilizer recommendation. Based on the financial analysis that treatment with LKP fertilizer recommendation had higher profit (75.61%) compared with farmer’s practice. That treatment can reduce fertilizer costs by 61.57%, can increase revenue by 14.04% and give a profit of Rp. 5,580,969,-.

Gibberellin (GA3) is known as a plant growth regulator that can stimulate the plant growth and develop the cell and widely used in maintaining the storability of some types of fruit. This research aimed to study the effects of gibberellin concentration, time of gibberellin application and the interaction of both on the physical quality of oil palm fresh fruit bunches. The experiment used a factorial of randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor was the time of gibberellin application with two levels (pre-harvest and post-harvest), while the second factor was gibberellin concentration with five levels (0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 ppm). Post-harvest treatments of 25 ppm gibberellin reduced the respiration rate, fruit weight loss, number of fruit loss of bunches and mesocarp firmness. Application of gibberellin with concentration 25 ppm after harvesting was the best treatment to maintain the physical quality of fresh fruit bunches (FFB). Time of harvesting is one of the factors affecting the quality of palm oil. After harvesting, FFB should be processed at mill within a maximum of 24 hours because it will increase the content of free fatty acids (FFA) and reduce the content Crude Palm Oil.