The article considers the species of fur animals bred in Ukraine. The volumes of fur production and the number of animal farms in the world and Ukraine are analyzed, of which Denmark, China and Poland are in the top three. The share in the total volume of fur production in Ukraine is only 1%. Domestic enterprises for breeding fur animals, which keep about 700 thousand minks in industrial conditions, are considered.The structure of the gastrointestinal tract of carnivorous and herbivorous fur animals, their consumption of nutrients and biologically active substances in feed were analyzed. Features of feeding fur animals are determined by the seasonality of vital functions, which determines changes in metabolism and nutritional value of feed. The importance of access to fresh drinking water in the diets of carnivorous fur animals is considered.The necessity of production of compound feeds for fur animals, which meet the norms of feeding and restrictions on the introduction of components, is substantiated.The need of fur-bearing animals in nutrients and biologically active substances for the production of high-quality nutritious compound feeds, for obtaining high-quality shine and density of fur, better digestibility by the body is shown. The ratios of digestible nutrients in the diets of minks of domestic and Scandinavian breeds are given, the percentage of metabolic energy in different feeding periods is given. The low percentage of compound feed production for fur farming is substantiated.Types of compound feeds and their advantages are presented. Technological methods of production of compound feeds for fur animals such as extrusion, expansion and granulation with the introduction of fat into the press granulator are analyzed. Finished feed should be solid and have a granule size of 4.5… 5 mm for grinding cutters, with high nutritional properties and biological value, and improved sanitation. Thanks to modern technologies, harmful microflora is disinfected and shelf life is increased.The state of domestic feed mills for the production of quality feed for fur animals is analyzed. Thanks to the emergence of new recipes and compliance with feeding standards, the technology of compound feed production for fur farming is being improved.
On the base of practical studies were established the rational parameters of technological processes of production of extruded feed additive. There was determined an expedience of mixture of substandard chicken egg mass and the crushed corn seed in two stages in frame (during 18 s) and blade (during 120…180 s) mixers. There were determined the optimal regimes of mixture extruding: pressure in working zone of extruder 2…3 mPa, consumed force of electric motor 4,0…4,5 kW, temperature on outcome of extruder 110…120 ºС, duration of process 60…120 s, diameter of matrix port 10 mm. There were given the results of study of parameters of quality and nutritive value of extruded feed additive. It was established, that in the process of extruding the quality parameters of food additive are improved at the expense of dextrinization and gelatinization of starch, decrease of bacterial and fungal pollution, disinfection of product. There was proved a possibility to solve problem of utilization of defective eggs at feeding poultry.
The article presents data on the population of dogs and cats in European countries for 2018, countries with a high number of animals per capita. On the basis of the conducted scientific research, the composition of compound pet food, the needs of domestic animals for nutrient and biologically active substances, their content in recipes and the calculation of compound feed recipes are analyzed. The features of technological processes for the production of extruded pet food are determined and their characteristics are given. A technology has been developed for the production of dry pet food, which makes it possible in private enterprises to ensure the production of domestic competitive in the market complete pet food, depending on their breed, age, and physiological condition. A line for the production of dry compound feeds for dogs with a productivity of 1...3 t/h with the possibility of producing up to 20 tons of finished compound feed per month has been developed. To organize production, a production manufacture, a raw material warehouse, a finished product warehouse, a utility room, and the ability to drive vehicles into the raw materials storage and unload them are necessary. To service the feed production line, two specialists are needed - a technologist and an operator for servicing the extruder and expander, as well as a worker who is responsible for the preparation of components and packaging of finished products. To implement the project, technological equipment is needed: a hammer mill, air conditioning, extruder, hopper scales, mixer, expander, dryer, cooler, device for spraying on the surface of the liquid components. The main stages of production include intake, unloading and refining of raw materials; grinding grain components in the same fraction; extruding and cooling grain components; grinding extruded grain components; weighting of feed components; mixing the components to a homogeneous mixture; conditioning; expansion of bulk feed; drying; size control of finished products; spraying on the surface of the liquid components; cooling; feed packaging
В умовах постійних економічних спадів, нестабільного розвитку економічних процесів та загальнополітичної не-стабільності актуальним завданням для країни є забезпечення населення необхідними продуктами харчування та продово-льством у цілому. Важливе значення у даному процесі належить забезпеченню країни одним з важливих продуктів харчу-вання – цукром.При виробництві цукру виникає цілий ряд побічних продуктів, які дуже швидко псуються і вимагають негайноїутилізації. Побічні продукти при виробництві цукру є перспективною сировиною для годівлі тварин. Їх можна використо-вувати як у свіжому вигляді, так і після сушки, в гранульованому вигляді тощо. Проте, дані способи їх переробки не знайш-ли широкого застосування у комбікормовій галузі, оскільки супроводжуються втратами поживних речовин та високоювартістю.Тому найбільш актуальним питанням цукрової промисловості на сьогоднішній день є визначення шляхів повного іраціонального використання побічних продуктів, які утворюються в процесі виробництва цукру, розробка мало- і безвідхо-дних технологій, а також заходів по виключенню шкідливого впливу на навколишнє середовище.У статті розглядаються перспективні напрямки раціонального використання побічної продукції, що утворюєть-ся при виробництві цукру, а саме – бурякового жому. Наведена класифікація вторинних матеріальних ресурсів цукровоговиробництва, дослідження хімічного складу та можливі способи переробки бурякового жому. Однак наведені способи недозволяють повною мірою вирішити проблему переробки бурякового жому. Незважаючи на ряд переваг, проблема утиліза-ції бурякового жому залишається актуальною для нашої країни.Можливим способом використання бурякового жому є його переробка у кормові добавки, що дасть змогу не тіль-ки розширити асортимент сировини для виробництва комбікормової продукції та зменшити витрати на виробництвоготової продукції, а й вирішити проблему утилізації побічних продуктів цукрового виробництва та зменшити їх негатив-ний вплив на навколишнє середовище.
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