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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of polychronicity and intrinsic motivation on frontline employees (FLEs)’ work-family conflict, and service recovery performance (SRP) in a service setting. Design/methodology/approach – In this survey, a total number of 312 usable questionnaires were personally retrieved from FLEs in the research location. The hypothesized relationships were tested using hierarchical regression analysis. This paper presented an integrative model to test the aforementioned effects and relationships. Findings – Polychronicity and intrinsic motivation had negative impact on work-family conflict and positive impact on SRP. Significantly, while gender was found to be positively related to work-family conflict, on the other hand, job tenure was found to be negatively related to work-family conflict. Practical implications – This paper provides implications for managers in terms of minimizing the negative effects of work-family conflict and maximizing the FLEs’ SRP. Also, this study provides useful guidelines to implement effective management practices and improve organizational outcomes within the service setting of Peninsular Malaysia. Originality/value – Theoretically, the current study by examining the untried effects and relationships such as the effect of intrinsic motivation on work-family conflict, the effect of polychronicity on FLEs’ work-family conflict and SRP lends further contribution to the related literature.

• ÖzÇalışma yaşantısının oldukça stresli ve yoğun olduğu turizm endüstrisinde en önemli sermaye kaynağının iş gören unsuru olduğu söylenebilir. Mutlu, iyimser ve yaşam düzeyi yüksek personele sahip olmak işletmelere ciddi rekabet avantajları sağlayacaktır. Bu çalışmada otel işletmelerinde çalışan iş görenlerin iyimserlik, yaşam doyum ve mutluluk düzeylerini belirleyerek, bu değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında 397 otel işletmesi çalışanına anket uygulanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen bulgular otel çalışanlarının orta düzeyde iyimserliğe, yaşam doyumuna ve mutluluğa sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca çalışma sonucunda otel işletmesinde çalışan iş görenlerin iyimserlik düzeyleri ile yaşam doyum ve mutluluk düzeyleri arasında oldukça güçlü pozitif yönlü bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Buna göre, iş görenlerin iyimserlik düzeyleri arttıkça yaşam doyum ve mutluluk düzeyleri de artmaktadır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Otel işletmeleri, İş Gören, İyimserlik, Yaşam Doyumu, Mutluluk. AbstractIt can be said that the most important capital resource in tourism industry, where the work life is full of stress and busy, is the element of employee. Having staff with a happy, optimistic and high life level employees will give establishments serious competitive advantages. This study aims to examine the level of optimism, life satisfaction and happiness and the relation among these variables. A questionnaire was administered to 397 hotel employees. The results obtained suggest that hotel employees have moderate level of optimism, life satisfaction and happiness. Besides, it is also determined that there is a strong positive relationship between the optimism level and the life satisfaction levels of employees. This implies that the higher the level of optimism the higher is the life satisfaction and happiness level.

OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to investigate actual disciplinary behaviours of Turkish mothers' in the context of relational environment and to investigate ADHD as a risk factor on abusive disciplinary practices. METHODS: Totally 120 children (children with ADHD; study group and healthy controls; control group)and their mothers were interviewed with this aim. The interviews were qualitatively coded and analysed. T-test and Odds ratio were used for descriptive statistics with the aim of supporting the qualitative results. RESULTS: According to the results of the study, emotionally abusive disciplinary behaviours (81% of all mothers 58% of all children) and corporal punishment (76% of all mothers and 65% of all children) were commonly used as a disciplinary method. Nevertheless, children with ADHD was shown to be at higher risk for both abusive disciplinary practices. The present study has also shown that children with ADHD and their mothers shared less positive activities compared to the control group. In addition to this, emotionally abusive disciplinary practices were found to be at least as hurtful as corporal punishment. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, the present study was the first one investigating Turkish mothers' actual abusive disciplinary acts together with the relational environment between them and their children (including their relationship, positive sharing, problematic issues) by gathering information from both mothers and children of both study and control groups and then comparing these groups in terms of all these aspects. Qualitative nature of the study gave the opportunity of determining the actual disciplinary methods and the actual relational risk factors rather than attitudes and questionnaire scores about mother-child relationship. Therefore, it can be suggested that the results of the study provide important information about the abusive disciplinary behaviours of Turkish mothers and also provide the opportunity of predicting risk factorskeeping cultural context in mindof these behaviours.

ÖzBu araştırmanın amacı üniversitelerin aşçılık, gastronomi ve mutfak sanatları bölümlerinin uygulama dersleri amacıyla kullandıkları eğitim mutfaklarında yaşanan sorunlar ve bu sorunlara ilişkin çözüm önerilerini belirlemektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu üniversite bünyesinde eğitim mutfağı olan aşçılık, gastronomi ve mutfak sanatlarında görevli öğretim elemanları oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma grubunu, amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden olan ölçüt örnekleme ile belirlenen 15 öğretim elemanı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veriler yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme yöntemi ile elde edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda öğretim elemanları görüşlerine göre, fiziki mekan yetersizliği, ekipman yetersizliği, malzeme eksikliği ve bütçe yetersizliği en önemli sorunlar olarak belirtilmiştir. Sorunların çözümünde bütçenin arttırılması, fiziki durum iyileştirmeleri ve öğrenci kontenjanlarına yönelik öneriler geliştirilmiştir. Keywords AbstractCulinary education Culinary artsThe purpose of this study is to determine the problems experienced in training kitchens used by universities for applied classes in departments of cookery, gastronomy and culinary arts, and recommendations for solutions to these problems. The sample of the study consisted of instructors employed at the departments of cookery, gastronomy and culinary arts at the university. The sample included 15 academics who were selected by the purposive sampling method of criterion sampling. The data were collected by the method of semi-structured interviews. As a result of the study, according to the opinions of the instructors, the most important problems were stated as inadequate physical space, inadequate equipment, inadequate material and insufficient budget. Regarding the problems, the recommended solutions were increasing the budget, improving physical conditions and adjusting student quotas.