Objective.To analyze the course and outcomes of pregnancies in women at high risk of fetal chro-mosomal abnormalities, preeclampsia, fetal growth retardation, and preterm birth according to the results of prenatal screening. Patients and methods. This prospective study included 443 women with singleton pregnancies. Study participants were divided into two groups: Group 1 included women at high risk of complica-tions (n = 235), while Group 2 (control) comprised women at low risk of gestational complications (n = 208). Patients in Group 1 were further subdivided into 4 subgroups: subgroup 1A included women at risk of fetal chromosomal abnormalities (CA) (n = 69); subgroup 1B included women at risk of preeclampsia (PE) (n = 66); subgroup 1C included women at risk of fetal growth retardation (FGR) (n = 48); and subgroup 1D included women at risk of preterm birth (PB) (n = 52). Confirmed chromosomal abnormalities were considered as an exclusion criterion. Results. Threatened miscarriage (TM) and bleeding in the first trimester were significantly more common in patients from Group 1. In the second trimester, the risk of TM was increased among women from subgroups 1A, 1B, 1C, and particularly 1D. In the third trimester, we observed sig-nificant differences in the frequency of FGR between group 1 (subgroups 1A, 1С, 1D) and controls. In subgroups 1A, 1B, 1C, and 1D, the incidence of PE and FGR was higher in patients who did not receive aspirin. The frequency of threatened PB was higher in subgroups 1B, 1C, and 1D compared to Group 2 (p < 0.05). Conclusion. High prenatal risk of fetal CA should be considered as a risk factor for PB, TM, FGR, and PE. Key words: prenatal screening, chromosomal abnormalities, preeclampsia, fetal growth retarda-tion, preterm birth, pregnancy, perinatal risk
Кафедра акушерства и гинекологии №1 (зав.-проф. А.И. Ищенко) Первого Московского государственного медицинского университета им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России, Москва, Россия Цель исследования-изучение особенностей формирования плацентарной недостаточности у беременных после ЭКО и ПЭ при некоторых формах бесплодия. Материал и методы. Проведена ультразвуковая и лабораторная оценка показателей функции плацентарной системы у 120 женщин с одноплодной беременностью. 1-ю группу составили 72 беременные после экстракорпорального оплодотворения и переноса эмбрионов, 2-ю-контрольную группу-48 пациенток с самопроизвольной беременностью. 1-я группа была разделена на три подгруппы: в 1А подгруппу вошли 35 беременных с трубно-перитонеальной формой бесплодия в анамнезе, в 1Б подгруппу-19 беременных с эндокринной формой бесплодия; подгруппу 1В составили 18 беременных с мужским фактором бесплодия. Результаты. Плацентарная недостаточность, по данным ультразвукового исследования и оценке гормональной функции плаценты, является ведущим осложнением у всех беременных с одноплодной беременностью, наступившей после экстракорпорального оплодотворения и переноса эмбрионов, независимо от формы бесплодия. Плацентарная недостаточность в этой группе обследованных проявилась в виде задержки роста плода в 50,1% наблюдений, гипоксии плода легкой степени, по данным кардиотокографии-в 76,39% наблюдений, тяжелой степени-в 9,72% наблюдений, нарушений маточно-плацентарного, плодово-плацентарного кровотока-в 72,2% наблюдений, преждевременного старения плаценты-в 25,1% наблюдений. Уровни эстриола и прогестерона, плацентарного фактора роста, плацентарного лактогена были достоверно снижены по сравнению с таковыми в контрольной группе (р<0,05). У беременных после экстракорпорального оплодотворения и переноса эмбрионов компенсированная форма ПН преобладала и выявлена в 79,1% наблюдений, декомпенсированная-в 20,8% наблюдений. Заключение. Формирование фетоплацентарного комплекса у женщин с одноплодной беременностью после экстракорпорального оплодотворения и переноса эмбрионов сопровождается наличием плацентарной недостаточности, повышая риск развития патологического состояния плода. Ключевые слова: одноплодная беременность, гипоксия плода, гормоны плаценты, допплерометрия, задержка роста плода, зрелость плаценты, маточно-плацентарный кровоток, плацентарная недостаточность, форма бесплодия, экстракорпоральное оплодотворение. Ultrasound and laboratory diagnosis of placental insufficiency in pregnant women after in vitro fertilization depending on the type of infertility
Effect of maternal factors on indicators of increased risk of chromosomal abnormalities (CA), pre-eclampsia (PE), Small-forGestational-Age Fetus (SGA fetus) and preterm labour and birth (PB) during prenatal screening has not been sufficiently studied. Aim. To study the effect of maternal reproductive factors on the risk indicators of CA, PE, SGA fetus and PB, assessed during prenatal screening using the Astraia Obstetrics module. Materials and methods. Of the 11,841 pregnant women who were prenatal screened, 18.53% of the patients had at high risk of the outcomes studied (frequency 1: 100 and above). The subgroup of isolated high risk for CA included 69, PE — 66, SGA fetus — 48, PB — 52 patients. From the group of patients with low risk, 208 patients were selected for the control group by the method of stratified randomization by age. Results. Among extragenital diseases, the most common in all high-risk subgroups were: hypertension (AH) I and II degree — 31–47% versus 4.8% of the control group (p < 0.05), varicose veins of the lower extremities (VVLE) — 17–30% vs. 5.3% in the control group (p < 0.05), a history of ovarian tumor — 12–33% vs. 3% in the control group (p < 0.05). In the high-risk subgroups for the development of CA, PE and SGA fetus, fibroids uterus and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) were more common compared to control: 10–41% vs. 1% (p < 0.05) and 10–17% vs. 3% (p < 0.05), respectively (p < 0.05). Primiparas with a history of pregnancy were more common in subgroups with a high risk of CA (33%) and PR (35%) versus 17% in controls. Conclusion. An association has been established between high risk for all the outcomes studied and AC, VVLE, history of ovarian tumor. High-risk subgroups for CA, PE and SGA fetus have a higher incidence of uterine fibroids and IDA compared to control.
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