Malocclusions is a form of occlusions that deviates from the standard form which is accepted as a normal form and in Indonesia, the prevelence is still high enough. One of the ways to identify and assess the severity of malocclusions is using the Handicapping Malocclusion Assessment Record Index (HMAR). This study aims to describe the malocclusions patients of RSGM Unsrat using the HMAR index. This is a descriptive study conducted at the RSGM Unsrat Manado. Research subjects which totaled 34 patient study models. Malocclusions assessment obtained by examination of the study sample according to HMAR index include the tooth defect in one jaw, the second jaw teeth abnormalities relationship in a state of occlusions, and dentofasial defect. Result of research on the teeth in one jaw irregularities showed the highest percentage of tooth loss. Abnormal jaw relations in a state of second gear in the region of the anterior occlusion showed the highest percentage in the form of excessive biting distance and in the posterior region of highest form of canines more distally. Dentofacial abnormalities showed the highest percentage in the form of palatal bite. Research malocclusions severity based on HMAR index showed the highest percentage of severe malocclusions are in need of care.Keywords: Malocclusions, Handicapping Malocclusion Assessment Record Index Abstrak: Maloklusi adalah suatu bentuk oklusi yang menyimpang dari bentuk standar yang diterima sebagai bentuk normal dan di Indonesia prevalensinya masih cukup tinggi. Salah satu cara mengidentifikasi maloklusi dan menilai keparahan maloklusi tersebut menggunakan Indeks Handiccaping Assessment Record (HMAR). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran maloklusi pasien RSGM Unsrat menggunakan Indeks HMAR. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dan dilakukan di RSGM Unsrat Manado. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 34 model studi pasien. Penilaian maloklusi diperoleh dengan pemeriksaan pada sampel penelitian berdasarkan indeks HMAR meliputi penyimpangan gigi dalam satu rahang, kelainan hubungan gigi kedua rahang dalam keadaan oklusi, dan kelainan dentofasial. Hasil penelitian pada penyimpangan gigi dalam satu rahang menunjukkan persentase tertinggi pada kehilangan gigi. Kelainan hubungan gigi kedua rahang dalam keadaan oklusi menunjukkan di regio anterior persentase tertinggi berupa jarak gigit berlebih dan diregio posterior tertinggi berupa gigi kaninus lebih ke distal. Kelainan dentofasial menunjukkan persentase tertinggi berupa palatal bite. Hasil penelitian tingkat keparahan maloklusi berdasarkan indeks HMAR menunjukkan persentase tertinggi pada maloklusi berat sangat memerlukan perawatan. Kata kunci: Maloklusi, Indeks Handicapping Malocclusion Assessment Record
Fixed orthodontic appliance are now widely used in society, but people often do not realize the risks of using this appliance such as oral hygiene and caries problem. The design of this appliance is more difficult to clean than removable orthodontic appliance, so that patient is more difficult to maintain oral hygiene. Poor oral hygiene can also cause caries. The purpose of this study is to obtain a description of the oral hygiene status and caries status of dental student using fixed orthodontic appliance in Faculty of Dentistry, Sam Ratulangi University Manado. Oral hygiene examination is using Patient Hygiene Performance (PHP) Index and caries examination is using Decay Missing Filling Teeth (DMF-T) index. This study is descriptive study. The population are all dental student using fixed orthodontic appliance in Faculty of Dentistry, Sam Ratulangi University Manado. Total sample is 38 people and the data taking with total sampling method. The distribution of oral hygiene showed that 34 people had a good oral hygiene (89.47%), 4 people had a fair oral hygiene (10.53%) and there were no respondents with bad oral hygiene. Distribution of dental caries indicates the average of DMF-T number was 0.631 and by category of WHO, included in the very low category. Keywords: fixed orthodontic appliance, oral hygiene status, caries status. Abstrak: Alat ortodontik cekat saat ini sudah banyak digunakan di masyarakat, namun masyarakat sering tidak menyadari risiko penggunaan alat ortodontik cekat seperti masalah kebersihan mulut dan karies. Alat ortodontik cekat memiliki desain yang lebih sulit untuk dibersihkan dibandingkan dengan alat ortodontik lepasan, sehingga pengguna alat ortodontik cekat lebih sulit untuk memelihara kebersihan mulut selama perawatan. Kebersihan mulut yang buruk dapat menyebabkan karies selama perawatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu memperoleh gambaran status kebersihan mulut dan status karies mahasiswa pengguna alat ortodontik cekat di Program Studi Kedokteran Gigi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado. Status kebersihan mulut diperoleh dengan pemeriksaan menggunakan Patient Hygiene Performance (PHP) Index dan status karies diperoleh dengan pemeriksaan menggunakan indeks Decay Missing Filling Teeth (DMF-T). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deksriptif. Populasi penelitian yaitu semua mahasiswa pengguna alat ortodontik cekat di Program Studi Kedokteran Gigi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado. Sampel berjumlah 38 orang dan pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode total sampling. Hasil penelitian tentang kebersihan mulut menunjukkan 34 orang memiliki kebersihan mulut yang baik (89,47%), 4 orang memiliki kebersihan mulut sedang (10,53%) dan tidak terdapat responden yang memiliki kebersihan mulut yang buruk. Status karies gigi menunjukkan rata-rata jumlah DMF-T ialah 0,631 dan menurut kategori indeks DMF-T dari WHO termasuk pada kategori sangat rendah. Kata kunci: alat ortodontik cekat, status kebersihan mulut, status karies.
Dental and oral health is an important factor that must be maintained. Things that affect dental health problems and oral one of them is malocclusion. The application needs orthodontic treatment is aimed at correcting malocclusions that can affect the health of the teeth and oral cavity as well as the appearance of a person's face. Research conducted a descriptive study. The purpose of this study to determine the needs of orthodontic treatment based Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN), which consists of two components, namely the Aesthetic Component (AC) and the Dental Health Component (DHC). The study was conducted in high school 3 Tondano country with the number of students 390 people. Data collection was performed by inspection and measurement using the AC and DHC. The results showed that 85.94% based on the air-conditioning was not / little need of treatment, 9.37% needed treatment and of 4.69% borderline desperate need of care, while 51.56% based DHC no / little need of treatment, 35.94% need treatment of borderline and 12.5% in dire need of treatment.Keywords: malocclusion, Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need, Aesthetic Component, Dental Health Component.Abstrak: Kesehatan gigi dan rongga mulut merupakan faktor penting yang harus dijaga. Hal yang mempengaruhi masalah kesehatan gigi dan rongga mulut salah satunya ialah maloklusi.Penerapan kebutuhan perawatan ortodonti ditujukan untuk memperbaiki maloklusi yang dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan gigi dan rongga mulut serta penampilan wajah seseorang.Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan suatu penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif.Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kebutuhan perawatan ortodonti berdasarkan Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN), yang terdiri dari dua komponen yaitu Aesthetic Component (AC) dan Dental Health Component (DHC).Penelitian dilakukan di SMA negeri 3 Tondano dengan jumlah siswa 390 orang.Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan dan pengukuran menggunakan AC dan DHC. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa berdasarkan AC 85,94% tidak/sedikit membutuhkan perawatan, 9,37% membutuhkan perawatan borderline dan 4,69% sangat membutuhkan perawatan, sedangkan berdasarkan DHC 51,56% tidak/sedikit membutuhkan perawatan, 35,94% membutuhkan perawatan borderline dan 12,5% sangat membutuhkan perawatan.Kata kunci: Maloklusi, Index Of Orthodontic Treatment Need, Aesthetic component, Dental Health Component.
Mouth breathing habit during growth and development can affect dentocraniofacial growth. Mouth breathing can cause stunted development of the lower and upper jaws which makes the jaws narrower resulting in crowding teeth. It is a condition of differences in the sizes of the teeth and the arch of the jaw causing teeth overlapping. This study was aimed to obtain the mouth breathing habit and crowding teeth among students of SD Negeri 46 (elementary school) Manado. It was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. Samples were obtained by using total sampling. Examinations of mouth breathing and crowding teeth were performed on the students and data were analyzed by using percentages. The results showed that 17.2% of students had mouth breathing habit; 78.5% of them had crowding teeth. In conclusion, the majority of students of SD Negeri 46 Manado that had mouth breathing habit had crowded teeth.Keywords: mouth breathing, anterior teeth crowding Abstrak: Kebiasaan bernafas melalui mulut yang berlangsung selama masa tumbuh kembang dapat memengaruhi pertumbuhan dentokraniofasial. Bernapas melalui mulut dapat menyebabkan terhambatnya perkembangan rahang bawah dan rahang atas sehingga rahang menjadi lebih sempit yang berakibat terjadinya gigi berjejal. Kondisi ini merupakan keadaan terdapatnya perbedaan ukuran gigi dan ukuran lengkung rahang, sehingga menyebabkan posisi gigi saling tumpang tindih Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kebiasaan bernapas melalui mulut dan gigi berjejal anterior pada anak di SD Negeri 46 Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode total sampling. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pemeriksaan bernapas melalui mulut dan pemeriksaan gigi berjejal. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan persentase. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 17,2% subjek penelitian bernapas melalui mulut; 78,5% di antaranya memiliki gigi berjejal anterior. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah mayoritas anak di SD Negeri 46 Manado yang bernapas melalui mulut memiliki gigi berjejal anterior.Kata kunci: bernapas melalui mulut, gigi berjejal anterior
Due to the improve,ment of quality of life, the number of elderly in Indonesia increases. In elderly, the organ function will decrease (degeneration of tissues and organs) either due to natural factors or diseases. One of the complaints associated to organ degeneration is dry mouth (xerostomia). Citric acid stimulation can increase salivary flow. High citric acid content is found in pineapple. This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest posttest control group design. This study aimed to determine the effects of eating pineapple to the salivary flow in elderly patients with xerostomia in Panti Werdha Senja Cerah and Panti Werdha Damai Manado (nursing homes). There were 24 samples divided into two groups (experimental and control) obtained by using total sampling. The results showed that eating pineapple affected the salivary flow in elderly patients with xerostomia with a significant P value < 0.05.Keywords: xerostomia, salivary flow rate, pineapple fruitAbstrak: Seiring meningkatnya derajat kesehatan dan kesejahteraan penduduk, maka usia lanjut di Indonesia semakin bertambah. Semakin bertambahnya usia, fungsi organ tubuh akan semakin menurun (degenerasi organ) baik karena faktor alamiah maupun karena penyakit, salah satu hal yang terkait dengan degenerasi organ yaitu keluhan mulut kering (Xerostomia). Stimulasi asam sitrat merupakan salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan laju aliran saliva. Kandungan asam sitrat yang tinggi terdapat dalam buah nanas. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental semu dengan rancangan pretest posttest control group design. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat pengaruh mengonsumsi nanas terhadap laju aliran saliva pada lansia penderita xerostomia di Panti Werdha Senja Cerah dan Panti Werdha Damai Manado. Jumlah sampel yang diperoleh yaitu 24 orang, dibagi menjadi dua kelompok (ekperimental dan kontrol). Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan yaitu total sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh mengonsumsi nanas terhadap laju aliran saliva pada lansia penderita Xerostomia dengan nilai signifikansi p>0,05.Kata kunci: xerostomia, laju aliran saliva, buah nanas
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