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Establishing student exchange programs is one of the ways in which U.S. and overseas institutions are working toward internationalizing higher education. In general, international education can be defined as activities and programs that encourage the flow of ideas and people across cultural and international boundaries (Arum and Van de Water, 1992;Harari, 1992). In light of this definition and for the purposes of this chapter, student exchange programs will be defined broadly as "the international movement of scholars and students" (Harari, 1992, p. 69). This would include U.S. and foreign nationals, graduate and undergraduate students, and long-and short-term programs. In addition, this definition includes the myriad of programs and activities that enable U.S. students to attend foreign universities and foreign students to attend U.S. universities.This chapter examines the merits and liabilities of student exchange programs and discusses the factors that make for the establishment of successful programs. Models of Student Exchange ProgramsKraft, Ballantine, and Garvey (1994) list three models of student exchange programs: total immersion, protective studies, and tour models. These researchers claim that most student exchange programs are based on either one or more of these models. The total immersion model places U.S. students in a foreign university for the duration of at least one semester but typically for a year. This model allows students to participate in academic courses and experience an in-depth study of the language and culture of the

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