No abstract

Chile is one of the countries with higher GPB in Latin America and important sources of incomes and employment comes from tourism. Hotels are adopting sustainable practices but it is unknown whether customers value this. This research looks to measure consumer attitude, perception and preference for hotels based on their sustainable practices. A survey was applied to 208 guests at Chilean hotels. Correspondence and exploratory factor analysis was carried. Lack of knowledge about "Sustainability", but Willingness to pay extra for Sustainable Hotels, indicate a higher level of commitment and care for environment. Three clusters were obtained: 'non-Committed', 'Influenced' and 'Committed'.

Resumen: Este estudio contribuye a la comprensión de la conformación de las identidades de mujeres que realizan una actividad emprendedora económica desde la Teoría de la Identidad Performativa. Se analizaron tres casos a partir de la técnica etnográfica del Shadowing y entrevistas en profundidad, analizadas a partir del Análisis del Discurso. Se pudo establecer que la identidad de las mujeres se construye a partir de los distintos discursos y escenarios con los cuales ellas interactúan, marcadas principalmente por su clase social. Estos contextos heterogéneos determinan identidades que transitan entre acciones que las aproximan y las alejan constantemente del imaginario colectivo de las masculinidades del hombre de negocios, pero que las aproxima a un imaginario de mujer emprendedora construido socialmente con múltiples roles y demandas.

This Article of scientific and technological  research examines conditioning factors that affect female entrepreneurship in Chile through a study of the formal and informal constraints of institutional economic theory and of differences in women’s experiences with entrepreneurship compared to those of male entrepreneurs. A sample of respondents from Chile was selected, and GEM Adult Population Survey data for the period 2011-2015 were used. The results highlight the influence of informal factors on male and female entrepreneur as perceptions of entrepreneurial capabilities and networking. Additionally, being a student was found to have a negative effect on both genders, while family role has a negative effect on the probability for women to undertake.Este artículo de investigación científica examina factores condicionantes que afectan el emprendimiento femenino en Chile a través de un estudio de las limitaciones formales e informales de la teoría económica institucional y de lasdiferencias en las experiencias de las mujeres emprendedoras en comparación con las de sus pares masculinos. Se seleccionó una muestra de encuestados chilenos y se utilizaron los datos de la Encuesta de Población Adulta deGEM para el período 2011-2015. Los resultados indican la influencia de los factores informales en ambos sexos, como percepción de las capacidades empresariales y la creación de redes. Además, se evidenció que ser estudiantetenía un efecto negativo en ambos sexos, mientras que el papel de la familia tiene un efecto negativo en la probabilidad de que las mujeres emprendan.Este artigo da pesquisa científica e tecnológica examina os fatores condicionantes que afetam o empreendedorismo feminino no Chile através de um estudo das restrições formais e informais da teoria econômica institucional e das diferenças nas experiências das mulheres com o empreendedorismo em comparação com os empresários do sexo masculino. Uma amostra de entrevistados do Chile foi selecionada, e os dados do GEM Adult Population Survey para o período 2011-2015 foram utilizados. Os resultados destacam a influência de fatores informais sobre empresários do sexo masculino e feminino como percepção de capacidades empresariais e redes. Além disso, verificou-se que um estudante teve um efeito negativo em ambos os sexos, enquanto o papel familiar tem um efeito negativo na probabilidade de as mulheres assumirem.

Higher education has a deep impact on the diversity and success of entrepreneurs. It is clear that educated entrepreneurs have an advantage over other entrepreneurs given their specialized knowledge. However, the effect of higher education on entrepreneurial intention has been less studied. Does higher education or the subject imparted affect the intention to start a business? This article proposes a model that adds two exogenous variables to the Theory of Planned Behavior. The first variable is formal education in entrepreneurship represented by Subject and Entrepreneurship, and the second one is the entrepreneur environment, represented by University and Entrepreneurship. The model analyzes both variables and their impact on Attitude and Perceived Control. Data for this quantitative study is collected from an online semi-structured questionnaire by 583 university students during October and November 2014. The reliability of the scales was assessed using Cronbach Alpha, while the model was tested using structural equations. Our results confirm that university’s entrepreneurial environment, as well as the subjects studied, do have an effect on entrepreneurial intention through attitude. Additionally, the influence of both variables through the Perceived Control was not significant. Consequently, higher education must go beyond theory and focus on fostering an environment that encourages and raises awareness of entrepreneurship.