This study analyzes 3,181 deaths from paracoccidioidomycosis in Brazil, based on 16 years of sequential data (from 1980 to 1995). During this period paracoccidioidomycosis showed considerable magnitude and low visibility, representing the eighth most common cause of death from predominantly chronic or recurrent types of infectious and parasitic diseases. It also had the highest mortality rate among the systemic mycoses. The mean annual mortality rate was 1.45 per million inhabitants, indicating a downward long-term trend (reduction of 31.28%), while spatial distribution among the different regions and States of Brazil was non-homogenous. The South (with the highest regional rate) and the Southeast showed a downward trend, while the Central West had the second highest rate in the country. At least one-fifth of Brazilian municipalities (or 22.71% of the country's total area) reported deaths from paracoccidioidomycosis. Overall nationwide mortality per area was 3.73/10,000km2. The disease was endemic in non-metropolitan areas. The majority of deaths occurred in males (84.75%), and there was a sex ratio of 562 men/100 women. The 30-59-year and over-60-year age groups were the most affected. The study showed that the mortality rate justifies classifying this disease as a major health problem in Brazil.

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Dengue fever has become the most important vector-borne viral disease in Brazil. Human facilitated transport of desiccation-resistant eggs has led to its two most important vectors, Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, becoming widespread. In this paper, we report seasonal and spatial variation in larval abundances of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus across a small-scale transition zone between an urban area and an urban wooded/forested area within Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We installed 400 ovitraps across 10 sites with different human population densities and vegetation coverage. Eggs and larvae were collected for three weeks during the wet and dry seasons of 2002 and 2003. Ae. albopictus was predominantly found in the forested areas of the study site whereas in the urbanized area Ae. aegypti was more abundant. Both species peaked during the wet season. This distribution pattern, which may reflect adult flight range, may favor the co-occurrence of larvae of these species in a small-scale urban/urban forest transition zone.

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ResumoO espaço é uma categoria de síntese e convergência onde se expressam os diversos processos envolvidos nas condições de vida, ambiente e saúde das populações. Ao longo desses processos, os resultados obtidos pela análise de indicadores são sensíveis à seleção desses indicadores, das fontes de informação, da escala de análise, de unidades espaciais de referência e dos métodos de análise espacial. O objetivo deste trabalho é levantar o papel da análise espacial na avaliação das situações de saúde, que engloba a descrição de perfis epidemiológicos, de qualidade de vida e de condições ambientais. Conhecer a estrutura e a dinâmica espacial da população é o primeiro passo para a caracterização de situações de saúde. Além disso, permite o planejamento de ações de controle e alocação de recursos. A análise espacial propicia o restabelecimento do contexto no qual um evento de saúde ocorre, contribuindo para o entendimento dos processos socioambientais envolvidos.