No abstract

Objectives. To find clinical decisions on cleft treatment based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Method. Searches were made in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library on cleft lip and/or palate. From the 170 articles found in the searches, 28 were considered adequate to guide clinical practice. Results. A scarce number of RCTs were found approaching cleft treatment. The experimental clinical approaches analyzed in the 28 articles were infant orthopedics, rectal acetaminophen, palatal block with bupivacaine, infraorbital nerve block with bupivacaine, osteogenesis distraction, intravenous dexamethasone sodium phosphate, and alveoloplasty with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). Conclusions. Few randomized controlled trials were found approaching cleft treatment, and fewer related to surgical repair of this deformity. So there is a need for more multicenter collaborations, mainly on surgical area, to reduce the variety of treatment modalities and to ensure that the cleft patient receives an evidence-based clinical practice.

No abstract

Rev Med (São PauloRESUMO: Diabetes mellitus representa um grupo de desordens metabólicas heterogêneas que surge como resultado de hiperglicemia por déficit na secreção e/ou ação da insulina. Sua prevalência e gastos relacionados vêm crescendo no mundo todo. Entre suas complicações de longo prazo, a que mais gera admissões hospitalares é a úlcera de membros inferiores. Estas feridas frequentemente tornam-se crônicas devido a uma série de aberrações moleculares e celulares do processo de cicatrização, sendo as principais: alta concentração de metaloproteinases (MMPs), neuropatia, alta probabilidade de infecção e resposta inflamatória não fisiológica, estresse oxidativo, formação excessiva de AGEs (produtos de glicoxidação avançada), neoangiogênese deficiente, desbalanço entre metabolismo e entrega de nutrientes, concentrações inadequadas de fatores de crescimento e reguladores de expressão gênica, e anormalidades celulares. Com melhor compreensão científica desses eventos e da cicatrização fisiológica, novas abordagens da patologia poderão fornecer resultados mais satisfatórios ao seu tratamento. DESCRITORES:Pé diabético; Cicatrização; Ferimentos e lesões; Diabetes mellitus; Produtos finais de glicosilação.ABSTRACT: Diabetes depictures a heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders that arise as a result of hyperglycemia due to the deficit of secretion and/or insulin action. Its prevalence and related costs have been growing around the world. Among its long-term complications, foot ulcer is the one that generates more hospital admissions. These wounds often become chronic due to a series of molecular and cellular aberrations of the healing process, being the main mechanisms the following: high concentrations of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), neuropathy, high probability of infection and non-physiological inflammatory response, oxidative stress, excessive formation of AGEs (advanced glicoxidation end-products), deficient neoangiogenesis, imbalance between metabolism and nutrient delivery, inadequate concentrations of growth factors and gene expression regulators, and cellular abnormalities. With better scientific understanding of these events and physiological healing, new approaches to disease can provide more satisfactory results to the treatment.

No abstract