The study objectives were to (1) identify risk factors related to stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and postnatal depression (PD) after birth, and (2) investigate both possible directions of association between SUI and PD in population-based sample of Czech mothers. 3,701 nulliparous and multiparous women completed the self-reported questionnaires at 6 weeks and 6 months after birth and were included into the analyses of this prospective cohort study. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regressions examined relationship between SUI a PD accounting for range of other risk factors. During the first 6 months after birth, 650 mothers (17.6%) developed SUI and 641 (17.3%) displayed signs of PD. The mode of delivery, parity and higher BMI were associated with SUI. The rate of PD symptoms was higher in mothers with positive history of prenatal depression, and in divorced or widowed mothers. Both conditions were associated with worse self-reported health, back pain and stop-smoker status. initially, SUI at 6 weeks was slightly, but significantly associated with onset of PD at 6 months (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.02-2.23) while PD at 6 weeks was not significantly related to new cases of SUI at 6 months (OR 1.48, 95% CI 0.91-2.39). After full adjustment these OR reduced to 1.41 and 1.38 (both non-significant), respectively. SUi and pD are common conditions in women postpartum that share some risk factors. Our study suggests that both directions of their relationship are possible although a larger study is needed to confirm our findings.Urinary incontinence is a commonly experienced health problem in women after delivery. Its prevalence ranges between 18 and 34% 1 . Multiple studies showed that a vaginal delivery is the most significant postpartum urinary incontinence contributor 2 . Other suggested risk factors included increased maternal age, body mass index and parity 3 . In most cases urinary incontinence regresses spontaneously or after rehabilitation of the pelvic floor muscles. However, a substantial number of women with postpartum urinary incontinence are affected in the long term 4 . Postpartum urinary incontinence together with other health related problems such as tiredness, back pain, sexual problems, and relationship difficulties may contribute to the development of depressive symptoms 5 .Transient mood disorders after birth are common but usually subside relatively quickly without any long term adverse effects 6 . Postpartum depression, on the other hand, is more severe mood disorder with a potential long term effect on mothers´ quality of life 7 . Its prevalence ranges from 5.2% to 13.0% in developed countries 8 and can reach up to 20% in mothers from low and middle income countries 9 . In addition, some authors suggested that the rates reported in some studies were underestimated and would be higher if a standardized screening tool for depression in mothers after birth had been applied 10 . The main covariates for postnatal depression include

This study introduces the concept of emotional labour, the theoretical underpinnings of its delineation and connections to emotion regulation and brings it into the context of parenthood. Emotional labour was originally described by sociologists in the context of a work environment which requires one to consciously influence one’s emotions when interacting with a customer or a client. The connection of emotional labour with psychological theories of emotion regulation allowed for a better understanding and grasp the mechanisms through which emotional labour can lead to “burning out” or stress. Currently, parents are exposed to a great amount of information about how to “correctly” parent their children, which together with their own idea of a good parent, the influence of their family and close friends as well as other people, creates high demands precisely in the area of experiencing and expressing emotions in their interactions with their children. Today, the parent role approaches that of the job in several aspects. Its demands for emotional labour can be linked to negative impacts on mental health. The concept of emotional labour can be considered to be appropriate for a better understanding of what a parent experiences with the child in mundane situations and how parents handle the emotions. The perspective of emotional labour can therefore bring important information about emotions in parenthood and about the influence of intentionally working with these emotions on the mental functioning of parents even beyond the explanatory confines of emotion regulation. This study also introduces measurement instruments used to capture emotional labour and its dimensions. For future research of emotional labour in parenthood, creating a valid and reliable instrument, which has so far been lacking both in the Czech and international contexts, is a necessity.

Living in today’s rushed time full of various changes increases the demands on the individual’s ability to adapt to these changes. Career adaptability plays an important role in coping with changing demands in the field of work. What is career adaptability? Why is it important, and what does it affect? The answers to these questions and many others are provided in the monograph, entitled “Career adaptability: Its Forms, Changes, Contexts, and Roles in the Lives of Young Adults Undergoing Upper-Secondary Vocational Education,” which is the first publication written on this topic in the Czech language. In the book, a team of authors presents the construct of career adaptability and the results of unique research carried out in the Czech Republic. In the first part, the reader may find an analytical overview of various concepts of career adaptability and related concepts. The central part of the publication is devoted to the results of quantitatively conducted longitudinal research, which aimed to identify career adaptability and its relationships to several demographic, school, relational, and personality variables in the case of students and later graduates of upper-secondary vocational education—those who are in the crucial stages of their career construction. Many empirical findings concentrated in this book are beneficial not only for the career counseling theories and research on career adaptability but also for vocational education or career counseling practitioners.

Cílem studie bylo vyvinout dotazník, který by zachytil míru zmatení rolí tak, jak ji aktuálně prožívají adolescenti. Postup tvorby dotazníku je popsán prostřednictvím dvou studií, které na sebe navazují. Ve studii I bylo pilotováno 9 sebehodnotících položek dotazníku na vzorku adolescentů (n=56; 13-17 let; M=15,02; SD=1,8; z toho 65,5% dívky). Byla ověřena vnitřní konzistence a faktorové příslušnosti položek do dvou faktorů – instrumentální zmatení rolí a emocionální zmatení rolí. Ve studii II bylo pilotováno 16 položek dotazníku (stávající ze studie I, pozměněné a doplněné) na vzorku adolescentů (n=154; 12-19 let; M=15,23; SD = 2,02; 61,7 % dívky). Bylo zde odlišeno zmatení rolí směrem k otci a matce zvlášť, položky jsou rozděleny do tří faktorů: instrumentálního zmatení rolí, emocionálního zmatení rolí v dyádě matka/dítě a emocionální zmatení rolí otec/dítě. Vzhledem k tomu, že obsahově podobné položky pro matku a otce byly administrovány po sobě a sdílely rozptyl, který nebyl možný vysvětlit jejich příslušností do škál, bude dotazník s odlišným pořadím položek podroben následnému zkoumání. The aim of the study was to develop a questionnaire to capture the degree of role confusion as it is currently experienced by adolescents. The process of creating a questionnaire is described through two follow-up studies. In Study I, 9 self-assessment items were piloted on a sample of adolescents (n=56; 13-17 years; M=15,02; SD=1,8; 65,5% girls). The internal consistency and factor relevance of the items into two factors was verified - instrumental role confusion and emotional role confusion. In Study II, 16 questionnaire items (existing from Study I, amended and supplemented) were piloted on a sample of adolescents (n=154; 12-19 years; M=15,23; SD = 2,02; 61,7 % girls). The distinction of role confusion towards father and mother was differentiated, the items being divided into three factors: instrumental role confusion, emotional role confusion in the mother / child dyad, and emotional role confusion in father / child dyad. Since the content-related items for the mother and father were administered one after another and shared the variance, which was not possible to explain their belonging to the scales, the questionnaire with different order of items will be subjected to subsequent examination.

Studie se zabývá vztahem těhotných žen k jejich očekávanému dítěti. U vzorku 339 žen ve třetím trimestru těhotenství byla zkoumána spojitost vztahu k očekávanému dítěti s úzkostností, depresivitou, kvalitou partnerského vztahu a s vyhýbavostí a úzkostností citové vazby k partnerovi. Byl kontrolován vliv parity, plánovanosti a chtěnosti dítěte a věku matky. Nejsilnějším prediktorem vztahu k očekávanému dítěti byla kvalita partnerského vztahu  ženy, které hodnotily svůj partnerský vztah jako kvalitní, pociťovaly silnější vztah k očekávanému dítěti. Byl prokázán také vliv parity (prvorodičky pociťovaly k očekávanému dítěti silnější vztah než vícerodičky) a plánovanosti dítěte (ženy, jejichž těhotenství bylo plánované, pociťovaly k očekávanému dítěti mírně silnější vztah). Ve výzkumu byla poprvé použita nová škála k měření vztahu k očekávanému dítěti, která překonává některé limity dosavadních metod. Metoda měří různé aspekty vztahu k dítěti v oblasti emoční, kognitivní i behaviorální.