Television content -mostly American productions -circulates among Polish Internet users. The article analyzes the increase in the scale of re-production of audiovisual content among large groups of the Polish network society. The growth in "peer re-production" constitutes an "extended culture industry." The case of Poland is studied with quantitative audience research and survey research. The growth in the use of streaming websites providing free access to audiovisual content is explained in terms of the Polish local history of "piracy," ongoing global processes and the generation gap.

This paper presents several state-of-the-art concepts within Internet studies and applies them to the creative writing of older people using the Internet. For more than 10 years two creative Web users aged 80+, assisted by younger proxy users, were involved in preliminary action research. It was aimed at finding patterns of inducing older people's creativity and sharing their wisdom with the general Internet audience. The effectiveness of conducted action research in transferring wisdom using silver digital content is high. It is demonstrated with (a) qualitative participants' insights, (b) the quantitative description of statistics of blog visits, and (c) the social significance of the topics covered in the created content. Lasting for more than a decade and located within the space of socio-technological solutions in Central and Eastern Europe, the results delivered patterns of emerging technologies aimed at enhancing older people's creativity on the Web. The insights from those two action-based case studies enabled the development of new hypotheses. New directions of further, more advanced research of older users' activity are based on interdisciplinary studies at the crossroads of public health, sociological theory, gerontology, and human-computer interaction studies. New research questions are presented, to be explored within the social scientific studies of the next-generation Internet. Departing from the established concepts and preliminary research, the authors hypothesize that: (1) in order to optimize non-human technology-based assistants, human proxy users should be researched; (2) voice assistant technology could become the primary proxy for a production of silver digital content; and (3) interactive and intelligent technology will be the substitute for social actors that prevent exclusion and disengagement. The remaining research question also refers to the conditions under which the technology can be a viable substitute for proxy users.

Historical and autobiographical approaches are combined with interviews to analyze the case of the Europa-Kontakt in pre-1989 Poland and West Germany within the framework of Europeanization. The international education encounters exemplify the tendencies to Europeanize, which emerged in both countries despite the Iron Curtain. The painful relationship between Poland and Germany is contrasted with the personal trust and cooperation between Polish and German exchange pioneers since the 1970s. Their pioneering work focused on multinational inclusion, participation, intercultural learning, gifted education, creativity, and building leadership skills. It merged German adaptation of the United States’ HighScope model with philosophy of encounters typical of scouting tradition, Janusz Korczak’s pedagogy, and Carl Rogers’ humanistic psychology, preparing ground for the 1989–2004 European Union enlargement process.

No abstract

This analytical position paper aims to open a discussion on the future of the naturalized technology of reading. Our analysis contributes to the discussion that we think scholars in human-computer interaction should adopt from other disciplines. We begin with a seven-level technology pyramid which ends with naturalized technology. We look for the place of paper and digital books in this pyramid, currently somewhere between invisible and vital technologies. We discuss scenarios for the book, using current theories of reading from both philosophical and neuropsychological viewpoints. Finally, we show inspiring quantitative and qualitative data gathered during "total research" into the literary culture. They illustrate the ongoing change in the reading ecosystem.