Jembrana disease virus (JDV) is a viral pathogen that causes Jembrana disease in Bali cattle (Bos javanicus). Jembrana disease poses the major concern in Bali cattle industry as it gives rise to significant economic detriment due to mortality of cattle. During the first outbreaks, mortality of approximately 60000 cattles in a year was observed due to JDV infection. The pathology of JDV is unusual for a lentivirus infection as it is associated with an clinically acute, often lethal disease syndrome, and a short incubation period in Bali cattle. Studies of Bali cattle experimentally infected with JDV have provided insights into haematological change, cytopathological response, and immune response in naturally occurring infection. The localization of JDV in various tissues or organs were also had been reported. This review discusses the progression of clinical symptoms and the pathological changes during the development of Jembrana disease.

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ARTICLES YOU MAY BE INTERESTED INChitosan-gelatine membrane construct with different cinnamaldehyde concentration as drug delivery system in oral cavity AIP Conference Proceedings 1755, 160006 (2016) Abstract. Influence of feed intake on blood chemistry parameters in Kacang goats was studied. Nine clinically healthy female adult goats were used in this study. Animals were kept in individual box for 8 weeks. During the first 4 weeks the animals were fed at the level of about 40% of the feed requirement for maintenance plus medium activity (the restricted feeding period) and during the 5 th -8 th week (the fullfeeding period) they were offered full feed intake for maintenance plus medium activity (dry matter intake at the level of 3% of body weight). Feed intake was measured daily and the body weight was measured weekly. Blood samples were collected at the end of the 4 th week and the 8 th week for blood chemistry analyses. Paired t-test was used to evaluate the effects of feed intake on blood chemistry parameters. Restricted feeding (0.320±0.065 kg dry matter/d) for 4 weeks in clinically healthy female adult Kacang goats resulted in a decrease of body weight gain as well as serum calcium and protein concentrations, but in an increase of serum creatinine and inorganic phosphate concentrations. No significant feed intake related changings of blood pH and base excess were observed. There were some indications that the animals might use their fat and protein as energy reserves during the restricted feeding. In conclusion, nutritional status has significant influence on some blood chemistry parameters in Indonesian Kacang goats. Serum calcium, inorganic phosphate, creatinine, and protein concentrations are nutritionally related blood metabolits which are useful for assessment of nutritional status in Kacang goats.

<pre><em>Increased of ruminants energy intake can be conducted by increasing the energy density of feed by using fat (oil). Protein intake can be enhanced by increasing of protected protein that escapes degradation by rumen microbes. The Aim of this research was to evaluate protected of feed supplement based on dry matter digestibility (KcBK), organic matter digestibility (KcBO) in vitro in the rumen and post-rumen. Protected feed supplement was produced from sardine fish oil and hydrolyzed blood , throught two protection methodes. It was saponification and microencapsulation. This research uses a completely randomized design with 3 treatments (feed supplements protected, soybean meal and pangola grass), which each treatment was repeated 5 times. </em><em>The results in the first step (rumen) of the protected feed supplement showed that has dry matter digestibility</em><em> 24.46% and organic </em><em>matter digestibility</em><em> 57.17%, soybean meal has dry </em><em>matter digestibility</em><em> 75.20% and organic </em><em>matter digestibility</em><em> 75.66%, and pangola grass has dry </em><em>matter digestibility</em><em> 50 , 81% and organic </em><em>matter digestibility</em><em> 59.21%. In the second step (post rumen) the digestibility of protected feed supplement has dry matter digestibility 69.04% and organic matter digestibility 66.71 72.76%, soybean meal has dry </em><em>matter digestibility</em><em> 90.38% and organic </em><em>matter digestibility</em><em> 88.23%, and the grass pangola have KcBK 63.24% and KcBO 59.21%. The results could be concluded that in the rumen protected feed supplementation is the most microbial degradation resistant compared the other and it can be degraded and digested in the abomasum to the small intestine.</em></pre><p> </p>