The chemical contents and health benefits of black rice bran of some rice cul vars have been inves gated. However, there has been li le research on the 'Cempo Ireng' cul var from Sleman, Yogyakarta. The aim of this present study was to determine the anthocyanin, an oxidant ac vity, and macro-and micronutrients contents of black rice bran from this local cul var. The anthocyanin in the black rice bran was extracted using the macera on method with methanol as a solvent. The extract obtained was separated through a prepara ve thin layer chromatography (TLC) of silica GF254 and a mobile phase composed of n-butanol, ace c acid, and water. Two frac ons were collected and analyzed for the anthocyanin content. The prepara ve TLC spots were separated for further detec on and measurement of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside using HPLC followed by LC-MS. The an oxidant ac vity of the frac ons were measured using the DPPH free radical scavenging method. The results showed that the anthocyanin in frac on 1 was iden fied as cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (66.1 ± 10.6 µg/g). The IC 50 of frac ons 1 and 2 were 200.96 and 218.36 µg/mL, respec vely. Analysis of the macro-and micronutrients revealed that the black rice bran of 'Cempo Ireng' had nutrient contents comparable with other rice cul vars. Therefore, this local black rice bran can be used as a source of an oxidants and macro-and micronutrients.

Objective: This study aimed to design a formula using Design-Expert software to obtain optimal Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) formulas and to analyze nanospray characteristics of optimal SNEDDS. Methods: The study began with preparing ethanol extract from Melastoma malabathricum. The extract was then fractionated using ethyl acetate. The formulation design stage began with a solubility test of Melastoma malabathricum fraction and gentamicin (MFG) in various surfactants, co-surfactants and oils. Furthermore, the 14 formula of SNEDDS with various compositions of the selected surfactants, co-surfactants and oils were formulated and evaluated with pH response and emulsification time. Analysis was carried out using Design-Expert software with the simplex lattice design method in order to obtain the optimal formula profile. The pH, emulsification time, particle size, and zeta potential of the nanospray from SNEDDS optimal formulas were physically characterized. Stability of SNEDDS and the nanospray was then tested with freeze-thaw cycling and in vitro diffusion studies with Franz diffusion. Results: Based on the study, the ratios of optimal formula SNEDDS composition of Tween 80, propylene glycol, and soybean oil were 2.69: 2.64: 1.67 parts. Nanospray with SNEDDS technology had characteristics of pH 5.61±0.16, emulsification time 7.68±0.18, particle size 270.7 nm, and zeta potential-37.20 mV, and it was stable. Conclusion: Nanospray can be formulated from optimal SNEDDS using Design-Expert software. Nanospray with SNEDDS technology has physical characteristics and is stable. In vitro diffusion studies revealed that the release of Melastoma malabathricum from nanospray was faster than that without preparation.

Cosmetics are all the rage these days and are considered essential products. With the high consumption of beauty and body care products, it is a great challenge to produce cosmetic ingredients from nature. This study identifies chemical compounds with high phenol content by separating compounds with different solubility and testing levels of secondary metabolite markers. The sample in this study is a soluble compound in polar solvents, namely crude extract, ethyl acetate fraction, ethanol, and residue fraction. Determination begins in this Melastoma malabathricum L. study starting with thin-layer chromatography (TLC) as qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis of compound content using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with gallic acid and quercetin as marker compounds, antioxidant activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and ferric reduction antioxidant power (FRAP) methods, and sun protection factor (SPF) values for each sample. The TLC test's retention factor values for each sample, test result: crude extract, ethyl acetate, and ethanol fraction of 0.15 for gallic acid and 0.38 for quercetin. In a quantitative test using RP-HPLC mobile phase phosphoric acid 0.05% pH 3.42-acetonitrile (60:40) for gallic acid and phosphate buffer pH 5.4-acetonitrile (60:40) for quercetin. The result showed that gallic acid levels in crude extract, ethyl acetate, ethanol fraction, and residue are 10.25 ± 0.59 mg/g, 49.29 ± 0.49 mg/g, 6.43 ± 0.14 mg/g, and 7.54 ± 0.61 mg/g, respectively, and quercetin content in crude extract, ethyl acetate, ethanol fraction, and residue was 0.40 ± 2.03 mg/g, 0.93 ± 0.06 mg/g, 0.86 ± 2.99 mg/g, and 0.03 ± 3.74 mg/g, respectively. The result of antioxidant activity from the DPPH and FRAP assay showed that the ethyl acetate fraction has the highest activity compared to vitamin C and quercetin standard and IC 50 of ethyl acetate is 1.9 ± 0.12 and 4.2 ± 1.5 µg/ml, respectively. Identification of SPF result ethyl acetate fraction with the highest value is 59.3 ± 0.9. The result showed that ethyl acetate fraction has the potential to be a raw material for the formulation of sunscreen preparations with SPF values included in the ultracategory.

Apridamayanti P, Fajriaty I, Etni Hatita E. 2018. Antioxidant activity and analgesic assessment of Lansium domesticum stem bark infusion. Nusantara Bioscience 10: 71-75. Langsat (Lansium domesticum Correa) is empirically used as a medicine for fever and pain. This study intended to determine the effectiveness of stem bark infusion of langsat as an antioxidant and analgesic. Antioxidant activity test was performed by DPPH method (2,2 Diphenyl-1-picrilhydrazil), with infusion at concentration of 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 ppm. Absorbance of the sample was measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The analgesic test was performed on male Swiss mice by Writhing test using acetic acid 0.6%, CMC-Na induced negative control, Paracetamol 65 mg/kg BW induced positive control, dose I (65 mg/kg BW), dose II (130 mg/kg BW) and dose III (195 mg/kg BW). Data was analyzed using One Way ANOVA in SPSS and the percentage of writhing protection at each dose was calculated. The results of phytochemical metabolites screening of stem bark infusion showed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids/steroids, tannins, phenols and saponins. Antioxidant activity measured by spectrophotometric measurements showed that the antioxidant activity of stem bark infusion was IC50 2820 μg/ml. The percentage of writhing protection on dose I, II, and III was 57.52%, 42.48% and 24.51% respectively, showing a significant difference with negative control at minute 5, 10 and 15 (P <0, 05). There were no significant differences between positive control and dose I, at minute 30 to minute 60 (P> 0,05). The effective dose of stem bark infusion was obtained as an analgesic at dose of 65 mg/kg BW from 30 to 60 minutes.

Latar belakang: Simplisia daun senggani adalah bahan alami yang berupa berupa serbuk kering daun senggani. Simplisia perlu dilakukan uji untuk menjamin mutu dan keamanan bagi konsumen, serta menjaga keseragaman khasiatnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas serbuk hasil simplisia daun senggani (Melastoma malabathricum L.) dari Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat. Metode: Uji simplisia daun senggani dilakukan dengan melihat parameter spesifik dan nonspesifik simplisia. Hasil: Hasil uji parameter spesifik yaitu uji organoleptis menunjukkan bentuk simplisia daun senggani adalah butiran kasar, berwarna coklat kehijauan, dengan rasa kelat, serta memiliki aroma yang aromatis kuat. Uji parameter nonspesifik didapatkan kadar abu total adalah sebesar 6,369% dan kadar abu tidak larut asam adalah 3,543%. Kesimpulan: Uji organoleptis dan uji kadar abu simplisia memenuhi syarat, tetapi hasil uji kadar abu tidak larut asam tidak memenuhi syarat.