Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a condition where the urinary tract is infected by pathogens, causing microorganisms in urine. The gold standard examination for UTI is urine culture. Urine culture has some weaknessess. It takes around two days to get result and requires quite expensive cost. Leukocyte esterase and nitrite are relatively inexpensive, less-time consuming and easy to do laboratory tests that can detect UTI. Aim: To explore the correlation of leukocyte esterase and nitrite with urine culture in UTI patients. Methods: A cross sectional study of 42 UTI adult patients which treated at Dr. Kariadi hospital Semarang in September until October Gambar 3 Grafik hubungan antara leukosit esterase urin dan kultur urin

Current biomarkers for evaluating disease activity or severity in lupus nephritis (LN) are considered to be unsatisfactory. Pathological changes in glomerular basement membrane and selectivity of electrical discharge are causing specific patterns of urine proteins excretion. Together with alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT), they are expected to become new biomarkers to assess LN activity.Seventy-one urine samples were collected from healthy controls and LN patients. Patterns of urine specific proteins were determined using column chromatography and SDS-PAGE tests, LN activity was calculated using SLEDAI-renal domain score, and AAT concentrations was measured by ELISA.The majority of proteins in the control group have molecular weights of >66 kDa (88%) and 21-to 25-kDa proteins were observed only in the case group. The p values for differences in urine AAT concentration between active LN and healthy controls, inactive LN and healthy controls, and active LN and inactive LN were 0.004, 0.046, and 0.054, respectively, whereas those for urine AAT/creatinine ratio were 0.489, 0.019, and 0.915, respectively. There were differences in the patterns of the molecular weight of proteins and urine AAT concentrations between case group and control group. However, no such differences were identified between active and inactive LN.

Pendahuluan: Sindrom koroner akut (SKA) merupakan masalah kardiovaskular utama yang menyebabkan angka perawatan dan kematian yang tinggi. Enzim jantung seperti troponin dan Creatinin Kinase-MB (CKMB) dilepaskan ke peredaran darah dan meningkat pada infark miokard. Elektrolit adalah zat berfungsi untuk menghantarkan listrik. Aktivitas listrik jantung diatur oleh kalsium, kalium dan natrium; kontraksi jantung membutuhkan kalsium, magnesium dan fosfor. Elektrolit berguna sebagai indikator AMI. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kadar serum elektrolit dengan petanda jantung pada SKA. Metode: Penelitian belah lintang pada 35 pasien SKA pada bulan Desember - Januari 2018. Kadar elektrolit serum diperiksa dengan metode Ion selective electrode (ISE) dan photometric, kadar CKMB diperiksa dengan metode Enzyme-linked immuno assay (ELISA), kadar Troponin I (cTnI) diperiksa dengan metode Enzyme-linked fluorescence assay (ELFA). Uji Korelasi spearman digunakan untuk menganalisis data, signifikan jika p <0.05. Hasil: Terdapat korelasi negatif kuat antara natrium, kalium, clorida, dan magnesium baik dengan CKMB (p 0,000/ 0,000/ 0,001/ 0,014 dan r= -0,631/ -0,634/ -0,557/ -0,412) maupun cTnI (p 0,000/ 0,000/ 0,001/ 0,000 dan r= -0,746/ -0,574/ -0,545/ -0,564). Tidak terdapat korelasi antara kalsium baik dengan CKMB (p= 0,475 dan r= -0,125) maupun cTnI (p= 0,086 dan r= -0,294). Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan negatif antara natrium, kalium, clorida, dan magnesium dengan petanda jantung, tidak terdapat hubungan antara kalsium dengan petanda jantung pada SKA. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa rendahnya kadar serum elektrolit pada SKA dapat berarti adanya area infark yang lebih luas. Hasil penelitian ini perlu divalidasi dalam penelitian berskala besar dengan metodologi yang lebih baik dan diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar penelitian lebih lanjut. Kata Kunci: SKA, Elektrolit, CKMB, cTnI   Introduction: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a major cardiovascular problem that causes significant morbidity and mortality burden. Cardiac enzymes, such as troponin and Creatinin Kinase-MB (CKMB), are released into the bloodstream and increase in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Electrolytes involving calcium, potassium and sodium regulate heart electrical activity, while calcium, magnesium and phosphorus regulate its contraction. Electrolytes serve as AMI indicators. This study aims to analyze serum electrolyte levels with cardiovascular markers in ACS. Methods: a coss sectional study of 35 ACS patients was conducted from December to January 2018. Serum electrolyte levels were examined by the Ion selective electrode (ISE) and photometric method, CKMB levels were examined by the enzyme-linked immuno assay (ELISA), Troponin I (cTnI) were examined by the Enzyme-linked fluorescence assay (ELFA) method. Spearman test was perfomed for analyzing data with significant level of  <0.05. Results: a strong negative correlation was found between sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium and both CKMB (p 0,000 / 0,000 / 0,001 / 0,014 and r = -0,631 / -0,634 / -0,557 / -0,412) and cTnI (p 0,000 / 0,000 / 0.001 / 0,000 and r = -0,746 / -0,574 / -0,545 / -0,564). No correlation was found between calcium and both CKMB (p = 0.475 and r = -0.125) and cTnI (p = 0.086 and r = -0.294). Conclusion: There is significant negative correlation between sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium and cardiac markers, there is no correlation between calcium and cardiac markers in ACS. These findings indicate low serum electrolytes values in ACS may have higher area of infarction. These finding need to be validated in large-scale studies with better methodologies and are expected to be the basis for further research. Keywords:  ACS, Electrolytes, CKMB, cTnI.

Background: An increase in fat accumulation in obesity has been suggested to link with an increase in inflammation. This inflammation may be associated with an elevated of Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), Apolipoprotein B (Apo B), and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), thereby associated with the risk of atherosclerosis.Objective: To investigate the differences between Lp-PLA2, Apo B, and LDL levels in obese and lean men.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 74 men (obese and lean) at the Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Indonesia, in 2020. The concentration of LDL was measured using the homogenous enzymatic colourimetric method, whereas the levels of Lp-PLA2 and Apo B were determined using the ELISA method. Data were analyzed using an Independent t-test, setting statistical significance at p <0.05.Results: This study showed that Lp-PLA2 levels were significantly different between obese and lean men (p = 0.039). Furthermore, LDL levels were also significantly different between obese and lean men (p = 0.002). However, we did not find any differences in Apo B between obese and lean men (p = 0.640).Conclusion: Lp-PLA2 and LDL levels were slightly higher in obese compared to lean men, but no difference of Apo B.