A time-resolved holographic polarization microscopy, based on angular multiplexing holographic technique, is proposed for imaging ultrafast phenomena in polarization-sensitive transparent materials. This method can retrieve and image the complex amplitude distributions of two orthogonal polarization components of two sequential vector wavefronts with ultrashort time interval by a single short recording. Some experimental results for imaging the pulse laser induced ultrafast events based on the method are given. It is demonstrated that this technique may provide a potential tool for characterizing ultrafast processes in polarization-sensitive materials, especially in the non-reproducible experiment conditions.

We report the giant enhanced optical harmonic generation in all-dielectric silicon nitride (SiN) based resonant waveguide gratings (RWGs) of quasi-bound states in the continuum (BICs) of ultra-high Q factor and localized field. The BICs are realized by tuning the excitation of the guided modes modulated by geometry parameters of four-part grating layer. At a feasible structure of quasi-BIC for nanofabrication, the SHG and THG are enhanced by 103 and 106, compared with those from the RWGs of traditional two-part grating layer, respectively, and even up to 108 and 1010 compared with those from the planar SiN film, respectively. The resonance wavelength of quasi-BICs can be effectively tuned by the angle of incidence, while almost not affect the enhancement of SHG and THG response. Our results show that the efficiency harmonic generation from all-nonlinear-dielectric RWGs of quasi-BICs has potential applications for the integrated nonlinear photonic devices.

We investigate second harmonic generation (SHG) in all-dielectric resonance nanostructures of high-Q factors assisted by quasi-bound states in the continuum (quasi-BICs). The typical resonators, e.g., guided-mode resonance gratings and asymmetric metasurfaces, fabricated by AlGaAs were numerically studied with the consideration of nonlinear refraction of AlGaAs. The resonance peak and line-shape of linear transmission and SHG spectra in the resonators can be dramatically changed under intense pump intensities. The SHG conversion efficiency in the nanostructures working at quasi-BICs is much lower than the traditionally expected values without considering the nonlinear refraction of dielectrics. The ultimate SHG conversion efficiency is finally obtained. The investigation has the significance for the design and understanding of efficient nonlinear metasurfaces of high-Q factors.

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We analyze the diffraction of the picture obtained by the subtraction of two in-line holograms recorded in two planes at distances of z and z+Deltaz apart from the object plane. Our theoretical analysis reveals that the reconstructed field at the object plane is approximately equal to the Laplacian second-order differentiation of the object wave in transverse direction when Deltaz is much smaller than the distance z, that is, the reconstructed image presents a high quality of edge enhancement. We further investigate the dependence of the edge-enhancement quality on the longitudinal differential distance Deltaz and find that the reconstructed images have the sharpest edge-enhancement and high signal-to-noise ratio at the same time only when the value of Deltaz/z lies between 0.7% and 0.9% under our experimental condition. We also construct a criteria function, named the entropy of the image, to automatically focus the edge-enhanced image and demonstrate its adaptability in experiments.