The nutritional needs are the primer need in the earth. Various solution of food security problem such as GMO product and chemical fertilizer, are still not effective to clear it because the global warming annualy reported may cause to the crop failures. In addition, the amount of carbohydrate that can be adsorbed by human body is less. The Cellulose is one of the carbohydrate that human can not adsorb to get glucose. Grasshopper can digest the cellulose of grass because there are bacteria live in their organs to produce the enzyme. The bacteria that have an ability giving advantage in the body are known as probiotic. However, the development of this function has became a great attention. The aim is obtaining grasshopper gut bacteria caracterized as lactic acid bacteria potential as novel probiotic to produce cellulase for human digestion. Methods used are; Isolation of grasshopper gut bacteria, Purification and screening modificated of novel probotic candidates. The bacteria were screened by using modificated medium to detect the enzyme activity and pathogenic possibility as well as SP-SDS method to enumerate the tolerance of the bacteria after treatment in the period. The result shows that two bacteria strains of grasshopper gut bacteria are capable to break down the cellulose in the screening process. The bacteria was also caracterized as the lactid acid bacteria. The activity of gamma haemolytic of the bacteria shows the non-pathogenic property on blood. Bile salt and acid pH condition for 48 hour period was tested on the bacteria shows the high tolerance of life in the digestion. In conclusion, there are strain of grasshopper gut bacteria can be used as novel probiotic candidate to digest cellulose as solution of food security.

Anthrax is a deadly disease caused by Bacillus antracis that damages the lymphatic and vascular systems of animals and humans. Anthrax prevention in Indonesia has been done but has many shortcomings among them is a lot of dead animal raises after vaccination and relatively expensive. The azadirachtin bioactive compound produced by neem endophytic microbes is known to inhibit the growth of B. anthracis bacteria, thus potentially as an anti-anthrax agent. Other bacteria that have the same pathogens as B. antrachis are Methycillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) so that it is used as a research object. The aim of this research is to obtain the active biomaterials from selected neem leaf endophytes to be tested in S. aureus MRSA as bacteria with Anthrax pathogens. The method used in this research is the isolation, selection, and extraction of Neem  endophytes. The process of isolation is done by growing on the general media and the selection process on special media. The bioactive extraction process uses 1000 rpm centrifuge and screening on MRSA culture medium. Inhibitory zone tests were used to determine the effect of endophytic biopsy in inhibiting MRSA growth. The result of the research is that the bioactive endophytes of neem are able to inhibit MRSA growth which is characterized by the formation of drag zone around the endophytic bioactive. Thus it can be concluded that the use of neem endophytes can be a new solution to eradicate the presence of anthrax disease in the livestock and people in Indonesia with safe research methods, relatively inexpensive and ineffective vaccine replacements.

Chaetoceros is one of the largest genera of microalgae that has more than 400 species and it is the primary producer in the marine ecosystem. Chaetoceros sp. has some of the pigment which is very important for their survival including chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments. This study aims to identify Chaetoceros sp. from Gondol Bali using ITS fragments, to understand its phylogenetic relationship between microalgae-based on their antioxidant activity. The results of ITS fragments identification and antioxidant activity of Chaetoceros sp. will be used to develop further research related to its potency. The method for microalgae DNA isolation was conducted using the Doyle and Doyle method following with amplification using ITS4 and ITS5 primer. Then, the sequences will be analyzed. The antioxidant activity will be performed by the DPPH method. The results of DNA isolation showed the concentration and purity for about 2842.1 ng / µl and1.97 respectively. PCR products from the amplification of the ITS fragment produced 882 bp. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Chaetoceros sp. from Gondol Bali had a close relationship with C. muelleri KF 998567.1 and the antioxidant activity test showed IC50 values were about 72,386 ppm.

Cellulose is a polymer that is abundant in the environment, but they are unable to digest by the human digestive system. This study aims to determine the anti-pathogenic ability and measure the cellulase activity of B-G31 isolate. Auto-aggregation and co-aggregation methods were used to analyze the anti-pathogenic role of B-G31 against biofilm formed by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. To assess glucose concentration obtained from cellulose degradation, B-G31 supernatant was reacted in different CMC concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%) and was measured their absorbance (OD540) using ELISA spectrophotometer. The study has revealed that the percentage of B-G31 auto-aggregation is 26% and they can explicitly inhibit colonization of E. coli and S. aureus biofilm accounted for 20.21% and 21.20%, respectively, the bacteria also exhibited antagonistic activity towards two bacterial pathogens. Furthermore, enzyme activity was relatively high in the presence of 2% CMC with 0.913 U/mL to yield average glucose of 411.75 ppm and significantly different from that in the control group (p < 0.05). However, the enzyme value in 0.5% CMC concentration was about 0.345 U/mL and not significantly different from control group (p > 0.05). Our results indicated that B-G31 isolated from Valanganigricornis can form aggregates against bacterial-tests biofilm and increase degradation of cellulose, thus, the isolate could probably be used as probiotics to digest cellulose.

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