The nutritional needs are the primer need in the earth. Various solution of food security problem such as GMO product and chemical fertilizer, are still not effective to clear it because the global warming annualy reported may cause to the crop failures. In addition, the amount of carbohydrate that can be adsorbed by human body is less. The Cellulose is one of the carbohydrate that human can not adsorb to get glucose. Grasshopper can digest the cellulose of grass because there are bacteria live in their organs to produce the enzyme. The bacteria that have an ability giving advantage in the body are known as probiotic. However, the development of this function has became a great attention. The aim is obtaining grasshopper gut bacteria caracterized as lactic acid bacteria potential as novel probiotic to produce cellulase for human digestion. Methods used are; Isolation of grasshopper gut bacteria, Purification and screening modificated of novel probotic candidates. The bacteria were screened by using modificated medium to detect the enzyme activity and pathogenic possibility as well as SP-SDS method to enumerate the tolerance of the bacteria after treatment in the period. The result shows that two bacteria strains of grasshopper gut bacteria are capable to break down the cellulose in the screening process. The bacteria was also caracterized as the lactid acid bacteria. The activity of gamma haemolytic of the bacteria shows the non-pathogenic property on blood. Bile salt and acid pH condition for 48 hour period was tested on the bacteria shows the high tolerance of life in the digestion. In conclusion, there are strain of grasshopper gut bacteria can be used as novel probiotic candidate to digest cellulose as solution of food security.

Cellulose is a polymer that is abundant in the environment, but they are unable to digest by the human digestive system. This study aims to determine the anti-pathogenic ability and measure the cellulase activity of B-G31 isolate. Auto-aggregation and co-aggregation methods were used to analyze the anti-pathogenic role of B-G31 against biofilm formed by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. To assess glucose concentration obtained from cellulose degradation, B-G31 supernatant was reacted in different CMC concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%) and was measured their absorbance (OD540) using ELISA spectrophotometer. The study has revealed that the percentage of B-G31 auto-aggregation is 26% and they can explicitly inhibit colonization of E. coli and S. aureus biofilm accounted for 20.21% and 21.20%, respectively, the bacteria also exhibited antagonistic activity towards two bacterial pathogens. Furthermore, enzyme activity was relatively high in the presence of 2% CMC with 0.913 U/mL to yield average glucose of 411.75 ppm and significantly different from that in the control group (p < 0.05). However, the enzyme value in 0.5% CMC concentration was about 0.345 U/mL and not significantly different from control group (p > 0.05). Our results indicated that B-G31 isolated from Valanganigricornis can form aggregates against bacterial-tests biofilm and increase degradation of cellulose, thus, the isolate could probably be used as probiotics to digest cellulose.

Indonesia is a country with vast agricultural land, especially rice fields. Unfortunately, rice crops cause a problem of rice straw waste. The waste of rice straw consists of 38% cellulose, 24% hemicellulose and 8% lignin. The study aimed to assess the production of cellulose by Serratia marcescens in straw substrate medium. The research design was Completely Randomized Design. Variations of rice straw substrate were denoted by (S0; S1; S2; S3) within incubation period for 16 hours. Data analysis was analyzed using SPSS one-way A NOVA (α = 0.05). The result showed that variations of rice straw substrate concentrations correlated with the production of cellulose at 0.28 U/mL. The result of statistical analysis using DMRT Test showed a significant difference in every treatment (p≤0.056)

Inulinase (E.C. 3.2.1.7) is an enzyme capable hydrolyze inulin to be a fructose monomer, which is widely used in various fields, especially the food industry. This enzyme can be found in various plant species and can be produced by microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast, and fungi. Previous research has succeeded in isolating the potential yeast of inulinase from nira siwalan (Borassus flabellifer), named N1. This research purpose to identify molecularly the yeast inulinolytic N1 and its kinship with other species based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA sequences. The stages in this research are yeast DNA extraction using the chelex method, DNA amplification with primers ITS 4 and ITS 5, electrophoresis, sequencing analysis, and construction of the phylogenetic tree. Phylogenetic trees are reconstructed using the neighbor-joining method based on their evolutionary relationship. The results of DNA isolation showed that the concentration of yeast DNA was 495.8 ng/ μl and purity of 2,12. The PCR product from the ITS fragment amplification produced a band size of ± 510 bp. The results of molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis showed that the N1 yeast isolate was closely related to Candida parapsilosis (MK638869.1) originating from India with a homology of 99.45%.

Inulinase (EC. 3.2.1.7) is a hydrolytic enzyme that hydrolyze inulin into fructose. This enzyme was very important in the high fructose syrup industry. Microbes producing inulinase can be isolated from various sources, among others from various types of tuber that contain inulin. The isolation of inulinolytic yeast from yum (Pachyrhizus erosus L.) obtained two potential isolates. Research on the growth rate of the two potential yeast isolates in producing inulinase is necessary to understand the pattern of the yeast growth and its ability to produce inulinase. The parameters observed in this study were specific growth rate (µ), generation time (g) and inulinase activity of two selected yeast isolates B2 and B3. The results showed that the specific growth rate (µ) of B2 isolate was 0.11 hours with generation time (g) 6.12 hours, whereas for B3 isolates the specific growth rate (µ ) was 0.21 hour and generation time 3.29 hours. The inulinase activity from yeast isolates B2 and B3 were 0.294 IU and 0.235 IU, respectively.