Clove (Syzigium aromaticum) and lemongrass (Cymbopogon winterianus) are essential oil-producing plants that are widely available in Indonesia and have high economic value for medicinal and industrial needs because of their antioxidant activity. However, the information about the relationship between antioxidant activity and the DNA content in these plants was very limited. Especially because DNA isolation of aromatic plants is also not easy to do with methods that are widely used. Therefore, this study aims to isolate DNA from clove and lemongrass using a modified Doyle and Doyle method and to find the relationship between the quality and quantity of DNA with their antioxidant activity. The method used was the use of PVP, isopropanol and sodium acetate for the modification of the Doyle and Doyle method in DNA isolation followed by antioxidant analysis using DPPH. The results showed that the modification to the Doyle and Doyle method had obtained high concentrations of DNA. Besides that, the clove DNA content is higher than lemongrass which is supported by the antioxidant activity of both plants.

The nutritional needs are the primer need in the earth. Various solution of food security problem such as GMO product and chemical fertilizer, are still not effective to clear it because the global warming annualy reported may cause to the crop failures. In addition, the amount of carbohydrate that can be adsorbed by human body is less. The Cellulose is one of the carbohydrate that human can not adsorb to get glucose. Grasshopper can digest the cellulose of grass because there are bacteria live in their organs to produce the enzyme. The bacteria that have an ability giving advantage in the body are known as probiotic. However, the development of this function has became a great attention. The aim is obtaining grasshopper gut bacteria caracterized as lactic acid bacteria potential as novel probiotic to produce cellulase for human digestion. Methods used are; Isolation of grasshopper gut bacteria, Purification and screening modificated of novel probotic candidates. The bacteria were screened by using modificated medium to detect the enzyme activity and pathogenic possibility as well as SP-SDS method to enumerate the tolerance of the bacteria after treatment in the period. The result shows that two bacteria strains of grasshopper gut bacteria are capable to break down the cellulose in the screening process. The bacteria was also caracterized as the lactid acid bacteria. The activity of gamma haemolytic of the bacteria shows the non-pathogenic property on blood. Bile salt and acid pH condition for 48 hour period was tested on the bacteria shows the high tolerance of life in the digestion. In conclusion, there are strain of grasshopper gut bacteria can be used as novel probiotic candidate to digest cellulose as solution of food security.

Various species of the genus Citrus have grown naturally and were cultivated in Indonesia as a mega-biodiversity country. In recent years, the nutritional content and antioxidant activity of citrus fruits has been used to prevent of the various chronic and degenerative human diseases including potential as an antidote to viruses. Development of the potential and superiority of Indonesian oranges including Pomelo yellow orange (Citrus maxima Merr), lime orange (C. limon) and Sunkist orange (C. sinensis) are needed to be done with molecular characterization that begins with DNA isolation. The study was conducted with the aim of applying the Doyle and Doyle method for DNA isolation to all of the three types of oranges. The method for isolate DNA from plant usually use Cethyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) and Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS). The aim of this study is to isolate DNA from the orange leaves of Pomelo Yellow Orange, Lime Orange and Sunkist Orange with the Doyle & Doyle method. The results of the isolation of orange DNA were measured using NanoDrop. The results showed that the DNA of the three oranges had purity of pomelo yellow oranges 1,83, limes 1.8 and sunkist oranges 1,51. The concentrations obtained from each of the oranges were Yellow Bali Citrus 532 ng / µl, Lime Citrus 664.5 ng / µl and Sunkist Orange 888.6 ng / µl.

Inulinolytic yeast is a yeast that produces inulinase enzyme (E.C.3.2.1.7). Inulinase has an important role to hydrolyze inulin into simpler molecules that are widely used in industry. Previous research has obtained K4 inulinolytic yeast from cherry fruit (Muntingia calabura L.) which has not been identified yet. This study aims to molecularly identify and phylogenetic analysis of K4 inulinolytic yeast isolated from cherry fruit (M. calabura L.) based on the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequence. Research stages consist of DNA isolation, amplification of the ITS rDNA sequence, electrophoresis of PCR product, analysis of sequence data, and phylogenetic analysis using MEGA X. The results showed that yeast DNA was successfully obtained with a concentration of 807.1 ng/µL and had a purity value of 2.12. Amplification of the ITS rDNA sequence produced amplicon with length ±250 bp. Molecular identification based on homology analysis with database of The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and phylogenetic analysis indicated that K4 isolate was the most closely related to Diutina rugosa isolate S217 (MF797783).

Nannochloropsis and Chaetoceros are microalgae that commonly used as natural feed for aquaculture animals. These microalgae are able to produce secondary metabolites that is used as an antioxidant. The objective of the study was to analyze the antioxidant activity from both microalgae using the DPPH method in relation with their DNA quality and quantity. The method for DNA isolation optimation was Doyle and Doyle method with slight modification. The results of this research showed the percentage of inhibition of Nannochloropsis and Chaetoceros were 9.72 % and 5.78%, respectively. While optimization of DNA isolation exhibited that Nannochloropsis was 193,5 ng/ul with a purity of 1,99 while Chaetoceros was 93.9 ng / µl with a purity of 2.00.