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Spatial light modulators (SLMs) designed to replace photomasks for optical lithography have been designed, fabricated, and tested. These microelectromechanical devices are fabricated with alternating polycrystalline Si and sacrificial SiO2 layers that are patterned by a 193nm wavelength scanner to dimensions as small as 150nm. Aerial image simulations were used to define the mechanical requirements of the devices. Piston motion of electrically actuated devices was measured with an optical profilometer. The measurements were fit to a simple equation to within 1nm precision, which is adequate for defining 50nm features lithographically. Transient response measurements show that one version of the SLM responds to actuation as quickly as 20μs, fast enough for current 193nm wavelength excimer laser sources.

We report on the results of performance evaluation tests of a JEOL model JBX-9300FS electronbeam nanolithography system operating at 100 kV. The system was tested in the areas of lithographic resolution, stability, exposure uniformity, and pattern placement accuracy. A minimum spot size of 4 nm was measured at a current of 100 pA. The spot remained below 6.5 nm for beam currents up to 8 nA. Maximum digital to analog converter linearity and deflection amplifier errors were below 0.5 nm. Pattern placement accuracy in a 50 mm square area was found to be within Ϯ16 nm and inside the 500 m writing field within Ϯ7 nm.

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