The simultaneous determination of mycotoxins was performed in 3 steps: extraction, cleanup, and detection. For extraction, a mixture of acetonitrile–water (60 + 40, v/v) was proved appropriate. For cleanup, a new Afla-Ochra-Zea immunoaffinity column was used. After derivatization with trifluoroacetic acid, the mycotoxins aflatoxins, ochratoxin A (OTA), and zearalenone (ZEA) were determined simultaneously by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The detection limits in different matrixes after cleanup with the new immunoaffinity column were very low: aflatoxins, 0.002–0.7 μg/kg; OTA, 0.07–0.25 μg/kg; ZEA, 1–3 μg/kg. The limits of determination were: aflatoxins, 0.25 μg/kg; OTA, 0.5 μg/kg; ZEA, 5 μg/kg. The recovery rates for aflatoxins, OTA, and ZEA for rye and rice were between 86 and 93% when a 0.5 g sample matter per immunoaffinity column was used.
In 3 test groups (11 pigs in each group), rations with an identical fatty acid pattern of the fat in the fodder (except C 17 acids) with a high energy level (energy concentrations = 131%), medium energy level (energy concentrations = 100%) and low energy level (energy concentrations 90 or 82%, resp.) were used. In the course of the investigation the fatty acid spectrum was studied by analyzing spinal fat biopsy specimen. An interrelation was found to exist between the energy supply and the fatty acid spectrum in the depot fat. When identical quantities of heptadecenoic and heptadecanoic acids were added to the fodder, a high energy level resulted in a reduced C17 acid content in the spinal fat, whereas a low energy level led to an increased C17 acid content in the spinal fat. Different energy concentrations caused a change in the contents of oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid in the spinal fat. With changed energy concentrations, the C16 and C18 acid content showed variations compared with the group given standard fodder. The myristin acid content showed almost no change.
Two tests have been undertaken to investigate the influence of feeding microbial biomasses to pigs. No alterations of the fat parameters characterizing the fat stability were observed. All the values obtained are in a normal range. Increases in heptadecenic acid were detected dependent on the content of microbial biomasses in the feed and its fat content. The alterations are mainly in a normal range or slightly beyond it. In nature odd-numbered fatty acids are ubiquitous. Uptake and storage suggest that the organism reacts to an increased offer of C17-fatty acids with an accelerated decomposition of these fatty acids or/and with inhibition of their endogenous synthesis. The results are discussed in comparison with those of literature.
B. KNORN, R. GOBEL und C1. FRANZKE Gaschromatographische Untenuchungen, bei denen gesattigte Monoglyceride unterschiedlicher KettenlLnge als stationare Phase eingesetzt werden, haben ergeben, daO der Retentionsindex einer polaren (Wasser) oder unpolaren Substanz (Dekalin) als Ma8 ftir das hydrophile-lipophile Gleichgewicht einer grenzflgchenaktiven Substanz, die als stationtire Phase dient, angesehen werden kann und daD eine lineare Abhihgigkeit sowohl zwischen der Differenz der Retentionsindizes und der kritischen Micellkonzentration als auch zwischen ihr und dem nach DAVIES berechneten HLB-Wert der Monoglyceride besteht.
I . A wfgabenstellwngZiel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, in Erweiterung der bereits von uns vorliegenden Untersuchungen iiber die grenzflachenaktiven Eigenschaften von gesattigten Monoglyceriden [8] die potentielle Anwendung der Gaschromatographie zur Bestimmung ihres hydrophilen-lipophilen Verhaltens zu erkunden.Es SOU ermittelt werden, inwieweit das Verhaltnis der Retentionszeiten eines polar/ unpolaren Substanzpaares, bestimmt an einer mit einem gesattigten Monoglycerid beladenen Saule, als MaB fir die Polaritat dieses Monoglycerides dienen kann und in welchem Zusammenhang die erhaltenen Daten mit den Eigen$chaften der gesattigten Monoglyceride stehen,, die fur deren Grenzflachenaktivitat charakteristisch sind.
Zwm S t a d der KenntnisseNach der Regel von BANCROFT [I] wird der Typ einer Emulsion durch den zugesetzten Emulgator bestimmt. Die Phase, in der sich der Emulgator am besten lijst, stellt die kontinuierliche dar. Das bedeutet, daO der Verteilungskoeffizient einer Substanz in zwei Phasen in enger Beziehung zu ihrer Emulgatorwirkung in diesem System steht. Dabei ist die Uslichkeit des Emulgators von seinem molekularen Bau abhhgig.Far diese von BANCROFT zunachst rein empirisch gefundene Regel schafft DAVIES [5] aufgrund der Koaleszenskinetik eine theoretische Begrundung und kann aus der Beziehung der Koaleszensgeschwindigkeit zum HLB-Wert des Emulgators einerseits und seinem Verteilungskoeffizienten andererseits die folgende Gleichung ableiten : (HLB -CW co 7) = 0,36 In -Cip -Konzentration des Emulgators in der wlDrigen Phase C, -Konzentration des Emulgators in der dlphase
A study has been undertaken to investigate the influence of fermosin on the depot-fat composition of broilers and the oxidative stability of these fats in parallel with test animals fed yeast conventional produced on carbohydrate base. The data obtained are discussed with reference to literature.
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