Institute of Animal Biology NAAS, str. Vasyl Stus, 38, Lviv, 79034, Ukraine Organic germanium compounds are characterized by a wide spectrum of effect on the organisms of people and animals and are used as a food supplement to enhance the immunological organism reactivity. However, using of the toxic inorganic forms as precursors for obtaining organic germanium compounds by chemical synthesis indicates the urgency of searching for the alternative ways to get them. This article presents the results of the study of the influence of different amounts of germanium citrate, which was obtained by electric impulse nanotechnology method, onto the physiological processes in rat organism to determine the optimal dose. The germanium citrate solutions with the concentrations of 10, 200, and 300 µg of Ge/L were used in the study. It was determined that feeding with germanium with the concentration of 10 µg of Ge/L did not show significant changes of the studied parameters. While an elevated concentration of hemoglobin, circulating immune complexes, and average weight molecules were observed in the blood of the rats, which were fed with germanium citrate with the concentrations of 200 and 300 µg of Ge/L. Such changes may indicate the immunomodulatory properties of the germanium citrate. Probable decrease in the concentration of the lipid hydroperoxides and TBA-active products in the blood of the animals, which were fed with the germanium citrate with the concentrations of 200 and 300 µg of Ge/L of water, was also found out. More effective physiological influence of the germanium onto the peroxidation processes was noticed in case of feeding its citrate with the concentrations of 200 and 300 µg of Ge/L. So feeding with the germanium citrate, produced with the help of the nanotechnology method, improves the immunological indicators and reduces the intensity of the lipid peroxidation of the infant rats.

The purpose. To find out biological impact of various concentration of nano-materials in an organism of animals and to determine perspectives of their use in animal husbandry. Methods. Physiological, biochemical, nano-technological with the use of biostatistical analysis. Results. Researchers are carried out on determining physiological and biochemical mechanisms of action of nano-aqua-citrates of microelements in an organism of cattle, pig, rabbit and bee during different periods of ontogenetic development and productive use. Effect is studied of these joints on the content in tissues and liquids of macro-and microelements, formation of immunobiological reactivity of an organism, state of anti-oxidant, detoxification, reproductive and immune systems, growth of calves, pigs and rabbits, as well as role of citrates in treatment and prophylaxis of microelementosis at animals. Functional changes of separate systems and organs of an animal of different species are determined at action of nano-materials on the basis of biotic elements and synthetic polymers. Series of biological effects with activation of living functions and biochemical processes in an organism of animals is revealed. Expediency of use of functional nano-materials as activators of exchange processes and efficient means of target delivery and magnification of therapeutic action of medical products is proved. Conclusions. Biological effect of different concentration of nano-materials in an organism of laboratory and productive animals is found out; their stimulating effect on metabolic processes in physiological doses is shown. It is established that citrates of microelements are biologically active and safe-health, and their application raises grow power and productivity of animals. Expediency of use of nanomaterials on the basis of citrates of bio-elements in animal husbandry is proved.

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Aim. To study the state of physiological reactivity of the organism and blood antioxidant defense system of female rats and their offspring under prolonged feeding with “nanoaquacitrates” of germanium, chromium, and selenium. Methods. To accomplish the stated objective we carried out physiological and biochemical studies, using colori- metric methods to study the content of glycoproteins and separate monosaccharides of their carbohydrate com- ponents. The state of antioxidant defense system was studied by the intensity of lipid peroxidation that was also determined using the colorimetric methods based on the content of lipid hydroperoxides and TBA-active products in blood. Results. The intergroup differences in the content of glycoproteins and their carbohydrate components in the blood of female rats and their offspring of both experimental groups have been observed compared against the control. This may indicate approximately the same integrated biological effect of chromium, selenium, germanium in the second group, fed with chromium and selenium citrates along with the drinking water, calculated as 50 μg per 1 kg of body weight (b.w.) for Cr and Se, and germanium citrate – 15 μg Ge per 1 kg of b.w. The fi rst group served as a control; and the third one was fed with chromium and germanium citrates, calculated as 50 μg per 1 kg of b.w. for Cr, and germanium citrate – 15 μg Ge per 1 kg of b.w., which results in the activation of the physiological reac- tivity system. However, the integrated physiological effect of citrate compounds of the three elements – chromium, selenium, and germanium – on the rats of the second group was more signifi cant, as confi rmed by a high probability of differences compared against the control group. The complex of microelements, used in these quantities, dem- onstrates signifi cant antioxidant activity, which is typical for each microelement. Conclusions. Feeding mature, 4–8-month-old, rats (feeding started at 4 months and lasted till the end of the 8 th month) and young, 0–4-month-old, rats (feeding started at birth and lasted for 4 months) with “nanoaquacitrates” of germanium, chromium, and sele- nium causes an increase of physiological reactivity in their bodies, which is evidenced as follows, 1) the increase in the ceruloplasmin content in the blood of mothers and infant rats, in haptoglobin and sialic acids – only in mothers, and in protein-bound hexoses – in infant rats; 2) a reduction in the intensity of lipid peroxidation in the blood of mature females and young rats with lower content of lipid hydroperoxides and TBA-active products in the blood of the animals from experiment groups, which is more signifi cant in females; 3) identical orientation of the integrated physiological effect of chromium, selenium, germanium, and the combination of chromium and germanium on the organism of female and young rats which causes general activation of reactivity of the organism and its antioxidant system that is more vivid for females.

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