1. A study was made of the stereospecificity of hydrogen removal in the sequential desaturations performed by intact cells of Chlorella vulgaris in the biosynthesis of oleic acid, linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid. 2. By use of erythro- and threo-9,10-(2)H(2)-, -12,13-(2)H(2)- and -15,16-(2)H(2)-labelled precursors, it was demonstrated that the pair of hydrogen atoms removed from each of these positions had the cis relative configuration. 3. That the hydrogen atoms removed in oleic acid and linoleic acid formation were of the d absolute configuration was proved by use of d- and l-9-(3)H-and -12-(3)H-labelled precursors. 4. The presence of a substantial kinetic isotope effect of deuterium at both positions of the putative double bond was indicated, suggesting that the mechanism of desaturation involves simultaneous concerted removal of the pair of hydrogen atoms.
Although large nutnbers or viable seeds of C. arvense arc formed in some districts of Victoria, the germination percentage declines rapidly in ihe first 2 years. No seedlings were established Trom seed artificially spread on pastures, although at two sites 6-8% and 12-6% ofseed sown 0-5-1'0 cm deep into bare soil gave emerged seedlings, and 78% and 93% respectively of tbe seedlings survived. It is unlikely tbat C arvense is spreading rapidly by seed under the present management of permanent grassland.Patches of C. arvense were shown to have a paltern of development similar to plants such as Pteridium and Calluna that degenerate behind an advancing front. The annual rate of vegetative spread in pastures was about 150 cm and extremely variable (range 4-341 cm).
Etabli.isentent des plantules et propagation de la vegetation de Cirsium arvense (Z,.) Scop, dans Vitat de Vietoria {Australie)Bien que de grandes quantjles de semences viable de C arvense soient form^es dans certains districts de Tetat de Vicioria, la pourcentage de germination diminue rapidement pendant les deux premieres anniJes. It n'y a pas eu d'implantation de plantules i\ la suite de dissemination artificiellc de semences dans des piitures; cependant, en deux endroits, 6,8% ct 12.6% des semences semfies i O.S/1,0 cm de profondeur. en sol nu. donnerent des plantules qui survecurent dans les proporiions respeclives de 78% el 93%. II est peu probable que C arvense soit propage rapidement par semis dans l'l^lat present de la conduite des patures permanents.Des parcelles de C. arvense ont montrd qu'elles avaient un mode de developpement analogue a celui de plantes telles Pteridium et Calluna qui d6g6ncrent devant une ofTensive des plantes concurrentes. Le taux annuel de propagation de la vegetation en piitures a 6t(S de 150 cm environ avec des variations considerables allant de 4 ^ 341 cm.
Keiinlingsentwivklung und vegetative Attsbreitung vonCirsium arvense (£..) Scop, in yktoria, Auslralien Obwohl C. arvense in einigen Gebieten Victoria's sehr viele lebende Samen bildct, verringerie sich in den ersten beiden Jahren die Keimfahigkeit rascb. Es cntwickelien sich keine Keinilinge, wenn die Samen kiinstiich auf Weideland ausgestreut wirden. obwohl an zwei Orten aus Samen, die 0,5-1.0 cm tief in unbewachsenen Boden eingesat wurden, 6,8%, und 12,6% Keimlinge aufliefen und davon 78% bzw. 93% Qberlebten. Bei der derzciligen Bewirtschaftung von Dauergriinland ist es unwahrscheinllch.dass sich C. arvense rasch durch Samen ausbreitet. Es konnte gezeigt werden, daB die Ausbreitung von C. arvense Shnlich verlSufl wle bei Pteridium und Calluna. die hinter der sich ausbreitenden Front absterben. Die jfthrliche vegetative Ausbreitung betrug etwa 150 cm und variicrle stark (von 4 bis 341 cmj.
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