Modern architecture in its golden age has given a lot of influences to many architectures around the world. The spread of modern architecture at that time could not be stopped and became a style that is widely used throughout the world including IndonesiaThe influence of modern architecture emerged in Indonesia during the Dutch colonial occupation. European architects at that time introduced classical European architecture and modern architecture to Indonesian society. During the Colonial occupation and at the beginning of Indonesian independence, European architects designed public buildings such as government buildings, places of worship( like mosques and churches) and commercial buildings as well as several residences using classical European architectural and modern architecture.As the example that we can still see now is the Istiqlal Mosque in Jakarta, Indonesia, which was designed by architect Friedrich Silaban who self-taught modern architecture. The design of the Istiqlal mosque at a glance looks very much influenced by modern architecture, although domes and tower as a characteristic of Middle East architecture is still been used.The mosque as a whole is designed to look monumental which emphasized the used of a mixture of modern architecture styles.

Guna dan citra merupakan 2 unsur dari arsitektur yang tidak bisa dipisahkan. Guna merupakan fungsi dan struktur, citra menggambarkan estetika dari suatu karya arsitektur. Citra tidak hanya sekedar tentang estetika tetapi memiliki makna yang lain yang disebabkan oleh pentingnya budaya bagi masyarakat Nusantara.  Selain dimensi guna, dimensi Citra juga perlu diperhatikan. Sebagai manusia yang berbudaya, maka dibutuhkan dimensi citra yang berkualitas karena tampilan arsitektur tidak hanya tampilan fungsi dan struktur saja. Manusia dapat memberikan makna dan jiwa pada bangunan/karya arsitektur dengan kegiatan dan kepribadian yang dimiliki oleh pemiliknya . Setelah diberikan ”jiwa” oleh penghuninya maka bangunan ini akan memiliki karakter yang dapat mencirikan penghuninya. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana preferensi setiap individu terhadap desain huniannya berdasarkan tipe kepribadiannya.Metode yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode campuran kuantitatif dan kualitatif . Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah beberapa tipe kepribadian memiliki preferensi yang sama terhadap gaya arsitektur tetapi dengan tingkat preferensi yang berbeda, terdapat pola-pola preferensi terhadap desain hunian yang dipengaruhi oleh tipe kepribadian dan preferensi terhadap gaya arsitektur hunian berdasarkan tipe kepribadian dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor berikut;  karakter desain, elemen arsitektur ,budaya, familiaritas, iklim dan lingkungan. Guna and Citra are inseparable in architectural design. Guna means function and structure of a building or built environment, citra means the art or the aesthetic of an architectural design. Citra is not just about art or aesthetics.  It has other meanings due to the importance of culture for the people of Nusantara. Citra also needs to be considered because as human beings with culture, we need to enhance the aesthetic quality of a building or built environment through the Citra. Citra can convey what kind of personality the user has. Humans can give meaning and a 'soul' to a building / built environment through the activities carried out in it and through the personality of its users. So that, each building can show the characters of the user. Therefore, this study aims to see how each individual's preference for residential architectural style based on their personality type.The method of this research is a mixture of quantitative and qualitative methods. The results of this research are; several personality types have the same preference for residential architectural style but with different levels of preference, there are patterns of residential architectural style preference based on each personality of the user, and  the preference for residential architectural style based on personality is influenced by the following factors; design characters, architectural elements, culture, familiarity, climate and environment.

ABSTRAKArsitektur akan selalu mengalami perubahan. Hal ini merupakan sifat alami dari arsitektur. Perubahan ini seringkali terjadi sesuai dengan masa dan teknologi yang sedang berkembang. Salah satu arsitektur yang banyak mengalami perubahan adalah arsitektur kolonial Indonesia. Arsitektur kolonial Indonesia muncul di masa penjajahan Belanda terhadap Indonesia. Arsitektur ini muncul akibat percampuran antara arsitektur Eropa dengan budaya dan cara membangun di Indonesia serta penyesuaian diri terhadap iklim setempat. Bangunan dengan arsitektur kolonial di beberapa tempat sudah dijadikan sebagai bangunan konservasi oleh pemerintah sebagai pengingat sejarah perkembangan Indonesia. Meskipun begitu, di beberapa wilayah terdapat bangunan-bangunan dengan arsitektur kolonial yang luput perhatian dari pemerintah sehingga tidak di konservasi. Hal ini menyebabkan bangunan-bangunan tersebut dihancurkan dan diganti dengan yang baru ataupun berubah bentuk fisiknya karena menyesuaikan diri dengan zaman dan perkembangan teknologi. Sebagai contoh adalah bangunan Gereja Gereja GPIB Immanuel di Kota Depok Lama yang telah banyak mengalami perubahan. tetapi walaupun begitu karakteristik dari arsitektur kolonial masih bisa terlihat walaupun di dibeberapa bagian fasad sudah menunjukkan banyak perubahan. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini ingin melihat bagaimana perubahan yang terjadi pada fasad gereja GPIB Immanuel di kota Depok Lama. Hal ini dilakukan untuk melihat bagaimana bangunan dengan arsitektur kolonial yang tidak dikonservasi beradaptasi dengan perkembangan zaman serta untuk melihat factor-faktor apa saja yang dapat menyebabkan perubahan tersebut. Penelitian akan dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan melihat perubahan fasad dari periode penjajahan (sekitar tahun 1920) dan dimasa sekarang. Hasil penelitian adalah terdapat beberapa perubahan pada elemen-elemen arsitektur fasad yang dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor seperti faktor Agama, kebutuhan, faktor Iklim, Estetika, dan perubahan di sekitar lokasi studi.Kata Kunci:   Fasad, arsitektur kolonial, Gereja ABSTRACTIndonesian kolonial architecture emerged during the Dutch occupation of Indonesia. This architecture arises because of the conglomeration of European architecture with Indonesian culture, building technique, and adaptation to the local climate. Kolonial architecture’s building in some places has been made as conservation buildings by the government. The aim is to make this building as a reminder of Indonesia's historical development. Nevertheless, in some areas, there are buildings with kolonial architecture that have been missed by the government so they are not preserved. This causes the building has is demolished and replaced with new ones or change it's physical form because the building has to adapt to the new era and technology. An example is the GPIB Immanuel Church in Depok Lama which has undergone many changes. Notwithstanding, the characteristics of kolonial architecture can still be seen in some parts of the façade. Therefore this study wants to see to what extent the Immanuel GPIB church facade has been changed. The purposes are to see how buildings with kolonial architecture that were not preserved, adapted to the new era and also to see what factors could cause this changing. This research is conducted using qualitative descriptive methods by observing at the façade changing. The observation is done by comparing to eras to see the changing process which is the kolonial period (around 1920) and in the present (2019). The results of this study are; there are some changes in the facade even though the kolonial characteristic still can be seen in some architectural elements. The changes are influenced by many factors such as religion, needs, climate, aesthetics, and changes in site boundaries.Keywords: Facade, Kolonial Architecture, Church

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The Mosque is considered as the House of Almighty, Allah SWT, and also a place of worship for Muslims; doing salat, pray, reciting Quran, etc. When doing salat or praying, Muslims need to focus and concentrate, therefore they need a serene atmosphere that can support to focus and concentrate when they are doing the salat or praying and other activities. This condition can happen if the mosque produces a sacred atmosphere.Understanding the meaning of the sacred can vary in each individual. Each individual has her/his way to understand the meaning of sacredness. These differences emerge because of many factors which can influence the meaning of sacredness in a mosque. Therefore this study wants to find out what factors can influence the sacredness of a mosque and whether mosque design is one of the factors which have greatly influenced the sacredness of a mosqueThe research method is a qualitative method using grounded theory. The results of the study stated that the design was the most chosen factor by respondents as a factor influencing the sacredness of the mosque