Carbon black is known as an excellent reinforced filler for rubber compounding, this petroleum based product needs to be substituted using renewable or mineral filler due to some negative adverse. In this paper, natural rubber (NR) – styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) (50/50) phr binary blends based on polyethylene glycol-modified kaolin (PEG-K) and carbon black CB hybrid filler were synthesized. The rubber formulation was designed for idler roller for charcoal conveyor in open peat mining application. The present study investigates the effect of PEG-K and CB composition on curing, physical, tensile and oil, and acid resistance of the binary blends. The effect was examined by varying the composition of PEG-K/CB as follows: 50/0; 40/10; 30/20; 20/30; 10/40; 0/50 phr/phr of the hybrid filler. The rubber compounding was conducted in accordance with the ASTM D3142, and the testing procedures were analyzed based on international standards. The vulcanizates were prepared by heating press at 140 °C for about 25 minutes. The results showed that the processing-ability of a single filler is easier than the higher hybrid filler. The rheological analysis showed that the higher PEG-K may increase the cure rate index, but the lower PEG-K might improve cross-linking density. The higher loading CB improved the specific gravity and hardness, tensile strength slightly, while there is less significant effect on decreasing compression set, abrasion resistance, and elongation at break. Meanwhile, the higher number CB of binary blends has better oil and acid resistance than the PEG-K. Compared to idler roller specification in the market, the vulcanizates in this research have better quality.

No abstract

Since some adverse effects of using carbon black as petroleum-based filler in rubber compounding, mineral fillers may be a feasible alternative filler. This research studied the effect of the composition of pumice and clay as mineral filler in natural rubber (NR) and ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) blending towards its curing characteristics and physical-mechanical properties. The effect of reinforced filled in EPDM-NR (70/30) phr blends was observed by varying 50, 70, and 90 phr of filler. While the filler was designed as the composition of pumice/clay (P/C): 20/80; 50/50; 80:20 (weight/weight). The rubber, fillers, and chemical were compounded based on ASTM D-3182. The results showed that the loading of P/C fillers in EPDM-NR blends increased scorch time and decreased cure rate index. It was found that the optimum number of filler could enhance density, modulus. Remarkably, the higher pumice composition caused the abrasion resistance and compression set improved significantly, whereas the overloading pumice and clay cause the physic-mechanical properties remained stable or evenly drop. FTIR spectra of the binary blends confirmed that the fine fillers dispersion was obtained due to some interaction bonding between silanol, aluminol of fillers with the EPDM-NR.

Natural rubber (NR) has excellent tensile and abrasion properties, but its thermal and chemical resistance needs to be improved. The present study investigates the effect of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) composition in NR compounding filled carbon black (CB). The effect of chemical and heat resistance was examined by varying the addition of SBR/NBR (phr/phr) as follows 40/0; 35/5; 30/0; 25/15; and 20/20 into 60 phr (part hundred rubber) NR filled by 50 phr CB respectively. Compared with NR composites, SBR/NBR addition improved the hardness and density slightly. While tensile strength, modulus, abrasion resistance, and compression set decreased significantly. The volume, hardness, and physical properties were measured before and after 28 days of immersion in acidic, alkalis, and salty solutions. It was found that the higher loading SBR/NBR enhances chemical resistance. The hydrochloric and sulphuric acid immersion influenced the physical changes more vigorously. The thermal aging evaluation was observed by measuring the hardness and tensile strength at hot air circulation of 70°C for 24; 48 and 72 hours. The higher SBR/NBR loading could minimize the changes in hardness and tensile strength. To sum up, SBR/NBR addition improves the chemical and heat resistance on ternary blends.

Various hosts such as glass, crystal and poly crystalline are treated with soil ions. In this research the medium of glass was made with composition (70-x) P 2 O 5 -10Bi 2 O 3 -10Na 2 O -10Gd 2 O 3 -xSm 2 O 3 with x = 0; 0.05; 0,1; 0, 5; 1.0; 3.0 (mol%) doped by active ion xSm 2 O 3 . Molar mass, density (ρ), Sm 3+ ion concentration (N), field strength (F) have increased in value as the Sm 3+ concentration increases , the dielectric constant (ε) has an increase in pada PBNaG:S1, PBNaG:S3 dan menurun pada PBNaG:S2, PBNaG:S4, PBNaG:S5, molar refractivity (Rm) increases in PBNaG:S1, PBNaG:S4 and decreases in PBNaG:S2, PBNaG:S3, PBNaG:S5, while for molar volume, polar radius and inter nuclear distance decreases with increasing concentration Sm 3+ in phosphate glass. Contrast to the refractive index, the susceptibility of the oxide ion polariability (αm) and reflection loss do not change in value. Spectrum diffraction shows that the shape of pattems are found no sharp peaks along the diffraction angle observation area (2θ).