Background:Reliability and validity are the key concepts in measurement processes. Young internet addiction test (YIAT) is regarded as a valid and reliable questionnaire in English speaking countries for diagnosis of Internet-related behavior disorders.Objectives:This study aimed at validating the Persian version of YIAT in the Iranian society.Patients and Methods:A pilot and a cross-sectional study were conducted on 28 and 254 students of Qom University of Medical Sciences, respectively, in order to validate the Persian version of YIAT. Forward and backward translations were conducted to develop a Persian version of the scale. Reliability was measured by test-retest, Cronbach’s alpha and interclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Face, content and construct validity were approved by the importance score index, content validity ratio (CVR), content validity index (CVI), correlation matrix and factor analysis. The SPSS software was used for data analysis.Results:The Cronbach’s alpha was 0.917 (CI 95%; 0.901 - 0.931). The average of scale-level CVI was calculated to be 0.74; the CVI index for each item was higher than 0.83 and the average of CVI index was equal to 0.89. Factor analysis extracted three factors including personal activities disorder (PAD), emotional and mood disorder (EMD) and social activities disorder (SAD), with more than 55.8% of total variances. The ICC for different factors of Persian version of Young Questionnaire including PAD, EMD and for SAD was r = 0.884; CI 95%; 0.861 - 0.904, r = 0.766; CI 95%; 0.718 - 0.808 and r = 0.745; CI 95%; 0.686 - 0.795, respectively.Conclusions:Our study showed that the Persian version of YIAT is good and usable on Iranian people. The reliability of the instrument was very good. Moreover, the validity of the Persian translated version of the scale was sufficient. In addition, the reliability and validity of the three extracted factors of YIAT were evaluated and were acceptable.

Background:Health sciences research (HSR) is an essential part of improving health care which plays a critical role in the field of medicine and clinical practice. The aim of the current study was to assess barriers to the research by students of medical sciences as well as to find out effective strategies for management of student researches in Iranian universities.Materials and Methods:This study utilized a hybrid design with quantitative and qualitative analytical approaches conducted on 627 students in six schools of medical sciences in two universities in Central Province in Iran from April to December, 2012. Questionnaires were distributed among researcher and non-researcher students to find barriers to the research. These barriers were approved and validated by similar studies and strategies using the Delphi technique on 36 students.Results:The most important barriers among researcher students were institutional barriers (3.3 ± 1.3), but in non-researcher students they were individual barriers (3.6 ± 1.7). The majority of barriers to involvement in the research among researcher students appeared to be time, lack of access to electronic resources and prolongation of the process of buying equipment. In addition, the greatest barriers among non-researcher students included the lack of time, scientific writing skills, and access to trained assistants.Conclusion:The results showed the issue of attitudes towards compulsory research as a component of critical scholarship in the curriculum of medical courses. Moreover, employment of the research experts can be helpful for research training in schools of medical sciences.

Background:Nausea and vomiting are the most common effects after cesarean delivery with spinal anesthesia that was associated with problems such as pneumonia, delay in patient discharge, electrolyte abnormalities, and the maternal dissatisfaction.Objectives:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of gabapentin in preventing nausea and vomiting after spinal anesthesia in cesarean delivery.Patients and Methods:This study as a double-blind clinical trial was done on 200 candidates of cesarean with a random distribution. Patients without cardiovascular diseases and in 1 and 2 American Society of Anesthesiologists were divided into two groups. Treatment group received 600 mg capsule (gabapentin) 1 h before surgery and the control group received placebo. The severity of nausea and vomiting were evaluated according to 4 Scores every hour to 4 h after the withdrawal of mother from the recovery section.Results:In this study, there is no significant difference in demographic information between these two groups. In the 1st h, there is a significant difference between the severity of nausea and vomiting in these two groups, but there is not a significant difference between 2 and 4 h after surgery. However, the incidence of nausea between the two groups shows a significant correlation.Conclusions:A single dose of gabapentin 1 h before cesarean delivery decreases the incidence of nausea and vomiting after surgery.

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