Kutu daun persik (Myzus persicae Sulz) merupakan salah satu jenis hama yang memakan segala jenis tumbuhan (polifag), berkembangbiaknya sangat cepat, serangan hama ini pada cabai dapat menyebabkan kerugian yang cukup besar. Gulma babadotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.) mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder berupa saponin, flavonoid, alkaloid, minyak atsiri serta tanin berpotensi sebagai insektisida nabati untuk mengendalikan kutu daun persik. Aplikasi pestisida nabati di lapangan sering kurang efektif karena mudah tercuci oleh air hujan, sehingga perlu penambahan bahan perekat (surfaktan) agar lebih efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efikasi ekstrak babadotan yang ditambah surfaktan untuk mengendalikan kutu daun persik. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April sampai Juni 2019 di Laboratorium Proteksi Tanaman dan rumah kaca Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Siliwangi Tasikmalaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola faktorial dengan tiga kali ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi ekstrak babadotan yaitu : 0%,22%,33%, dan 44%. Faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi surfaktan yaitu; 0%, 0,025% dan 0,05%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak babadotan dengan konsentrasi 44% ditambah surfaktan dengan konsentrasi 0,05% efektif mengendalikan hama kutu daun persik dengan persentase kematian 73,33% pada 72 jam setelah aplikasi.
Artificially inoculated asparagus tissue culture plantlets with a virulent fungus, Fusarium proliferatum showed signs of infection as early as 4 days after inoculation. Macroscopic observations revealed presence of early symptoms such as necrotic lesions at the affected area and light microscopic examinations clearly revealed the post-penetration events that took place including the destruction of surrounding cells. However, little is known of the hyphal activity or advancement on the host's surface at the initial stage after inoculation. Scanning electron microscopic examination clearly revealed the hyphal advancement on the surface and the mode of entrance into the host tissues beneath. Four days after inoculation, the fungi proceeded to spread out from the inoculation point onto the host surface which eventually developed into a sparse network of both aerial and non-aerial hyphae. Non-aerial hyphae form a network of mycelium that adheres to the surface and it's movement appeared to be oriented towards the stomata. Hyphal penetration occurs more often through the stomata, natural openings or wounds. In some cases, the hyphae crossed over the stomatal opening without entering the host tissues. At places where the cuticle layer is absent or not well developed the hyphae successfully grew in between the epidermal cells into the tissues beneath.
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