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BACKGROUND Myopia is a complex trait including both genetic and environmental factors as well as gene-environment interactions. It has been recognized as a risk factor for development of glaucoma. Both Myopia and raised IOP are known to increase mechanical stress at optic nerve head leading to glaucomatous nerve damage. This study intends to evaluate the clinical profile of myopic subjects and its correlation with Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS A prospective observational study done from November 2019 to December 2020 after taking proper informed consent and ethical clearance. 164 eyes of 96 patients studied were divided into three groups, Group 1: low myopia (< -3.00D), Group 2: moderate myopia (-3.00 D to -5.75 D), Group 3: high myopia (≥ -6.00 D). A complete ocular examination was performed. Intraocular pressure was measured using Goldmann applanation tonometer. Visual field analysis using Humphrey automated perimetry was done in patients with suspected primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Angle parameters and central corneal thickness (CCT) were measured using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). RESULTS 164 eyes of 96 Myopic subjects were studied with no dropout during study period. Mean age was 46.05 yr. (range: 25-75 yr.). The refraction ranged from -0.50 DS to -17.00 DS. There was no statistically significant difference between Intraocular pressure (IOP), Central corneal thickness (CCT), corrected IOP and Nasal and Temporal Trabecular-iris Angle (TIA) between male and female of same age group. Mean IOP and mean CCT were found to vary significantly with age and with higher degree of myopia. Corrected IOP, Nasal and Temporal TIA increase significantly with higher degree of myopia. Cup-disc ratio (CDR) was found to be significantly higher in patients with moderate to high degree of Myopia. CONCLUSIONS Myopia is an important risk factor for development of primary open angle glaucoma, with its incidence increasing in patients with moderate to high myopia. KEYWORDS Myopia, Primary Open Angle Glaucoma, Intraocular Pressure, Central Corneal Thickness, Trabecular Iris Angle

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in most industrialized countries. This study was undertaken to assess the variability of IOP following laser photocoagulation used in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.Methods: This study was conducted at Department of Opthalmology, B.R.D. Medical College, Gorakhpur from June 2015 to December 2016. This study was intended to see the onset and duration of intraocular pressure spikes in diabetic retinopathy patients after green laser photocoagulation (532 nm) (Nidek). Forty patients were followed for next 3 months. The data was analysed by using SPSS version 15.0. Chi-square test and T test was used.Results: Out of 40 patients, 2 (5%) had background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) with maculopathy, 10 (25%) having pre-proliferative DR, 28 (70%) having proliferative DR. Out of 2 BDR patients, 1 (50%) developed immediate post laser angle closure (Schaffer's grade 1) which persisted for 3 days and another had shown no change in angle structure. Out of 10 PPDR patients, no one developed post laser angle closure (0%). Out of 28 PDR patients, 6 (21.4%) had post laser angle closure which included 4 patients who had angle closure before laser, that means around 7% patients developed angle closure in this group. Among these 2 patients, 1 developed angle closure immediately (Schaffer's grade 1) and another developed the same 1 day later and this angle closure (Schaffer's grade 1) remained for 3 days.Conclusions: Laser photocoagulation in diabetic retinopathy patients can cause increase in IOP.

One of the most difficult conditions to cure is often corneal fungus infections. Due to low stromal penetration, current topical antifungal medications are not very successful in the treatment of fungal keratitis, which makes it challenging to treat cases of deep fungal corneal ulcers. To assess the efficiency of voriconazole intra stromal injection in the treatment of deep fungal corneal ulcers that donot heal. In this prospective interventional study of thirty patients, deep non-healing fungal corneal ulcers were successfully treated by combining intrastromal voriconazole with topical therapy. Voriconazole 50 gm/0.1 ml was injected intrastromally into the corneas of 30 patients with deep stromal non-healing fungal corneal ulcers who had not responded to topical antifungal medication. Patients were monitored for six to ten weeks following the operation. The size of the corneal infiltration was noted to decrease more quickly, and in the majority of cases, ulcers completely disappeared between 6 to 10 weeks. As an additional therapy, intrastromal voriconazole injection may be a safe and efficient strategy to treat cases of deeply seated fungal corneal ulcers that refuse to heal.