Résumé Derrière la multiplication apparemment chaotique des groupes religieux dans les sociétés dites post-industrielles, se profile une orthodoxie oscillant entre la « quête de soi » et « l’ouverture au Tout », l’individuo-globalisme, qui s’accompagne d’une mystique exprimée dans un langage quasi-scientifique sous certains aspects et néo-traditionnel sous d’autres, qui se dénomme spiritualité plutôt que religion, et qui s’appuie sur le culte de l’énergie, objet paradoxal à la fois naturel et surnaturel, personnel et impersonnel, bref individuel et global. Cette orthodoxie, idéologie des ONG confessionnelles et culture régulatrice du champ religieux mondial, déborde aujourd’hui les frontières strictement religieuses, dans la santé, le sport, le tourisme, l’alimentation, l’économie et la politique.
Identity is inseparable from the religious conceived as an irreducible human imaginary infrastructure. The global deployment of digital living spaces connected via the internet, because it transforms identity, also transforms the form (orthopraxy) and the substance of the religious (orthodoxy). This digitalization of sociality is manifested by the existence of a new layer of identity stemming from deterritorialised spaces of desire (socio-digital networks) which, by interacting with other territorialised layers (national, regional, etc.), give rise to Global Identities. Religious identities in the digital age are caught up in this process. This is evidenced by the digital development of new spiritualities, or the socialization trough socio-digital networks of the new Islamic terrorists, the jihadists 2.0. Relying mainly on my work on identity mutations in globalization, religious in particular, this article aims to defend the productivity of the concept of Global Identities and the scientific approach of Global Identity Studies.
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