Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies found among women in India. Haematological parameters have been shown to predict severity, mortality and treatment follow-up in breast cancer patients. The aim of the study was to compare haematological parameters along with effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in different stages of breast cancer patients.Methods: Total 235 human subjects were taken in the study. Out of which 100 normal ages matched healthy subjects were considered as controls and 135 breast cancer patients subjects as cases which were further divided into their respective stages according to TNM classification.Results: Estimation of haematological parameters was done by Sysmex Automated Hematology Analyzer Kx-21. The statistical differences between cases and control were determined by using student independent sample t-test.Conclusions: We found hemoglobin level, polymorphs, lymphocytes, monocytes and RBC count were statistically reduce (p<0.05) while other parameters were non-significant as compared to control healthy subjects. We also found deranged haematological parameters in all four stages of breast cancer. The data also indicated that patients which were on combined therapies i.e. radio and chemo have more deranged and decreased levels of haematological parameters as compared to individual therapies.

INTRODUCTIONAcute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, results from the interruption of blood supply to a part of the heart, causing heart cells to die. This is most commonly due to occlusion of a coronary artery following the rupture of a vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque which is an unstable collection of lipids (cholesterol and fatty acids) and white blood cells (especially macrophages) in the wall of an artery. The resulting ischemia (restriction in blood supply) and ensuing oxygen shortage, if left untreated for a sufficient period of time, can cause damage or death (infarction) of heart muscle tissue (i.e. myocardium). 1,2Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.3,4 It remains a leading cause of death in India and represents an enormous cost to health care system. 5 The mortality rate of MI is approximately 30% and for every 1 in 25 patients who survive the initial hospitalization, dies in the first year after AMI. Indians are four time more prone to AMI as compared to the people of other countries due to a combination of the genetic and lifestyle factors that promote metabolic dysfunction. The risk of ABSTRACT Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, which results from occlusion of coronary artery. Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor of AMI. C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase protein, synthesized by hepatocytes in response to cytokines released into circulation by activated leukocytes and has been found to increase after AMI. The objective of the present study is to investigate lipid profile in AMI patients and correlate it with inflammatory marker i.e. CRP. Methods: The present study includes 150 AMI patients and 100 normal healthy individuals as controls. In all the cases and controls, serum lipid profile and inflammatory marker were measured by diagnostic kits supplied by ERBA. Results: The levels of lipid profile and inflammatory marker were significantly altered in the AMI cases compared to controls. We found significantly higher levels of total cholesterol, TG, LDL, VLDL, CRP and lower level of HDL in AMI compared to that of control subjects. We also found strong positive correlation of CRP with total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C and VLDL-C and significant negative correlation with HDL-C in AMI patients. Conclusions: We found alterations in the lipid profile and inflammatory marker in AMI cases; hence, all the people should undergo regular check up including lipid profile evaluation and inflammatory marker such as CRP to decrease the incidence, morbidity and mortality from the disease.

No abstract

INTRODUCTIONKnee pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints that bring people to their physician and the most common cause of knee pain is osteoarthritis. 1 Especially in females, knee osteoarthritis is the major cause of mobility impairment.2,3 Nearly, 45% of women over the age of 65 years have symptomatic findings of knee osteoarthritis while radiological evidence is found in 70% of those over 65 years.2-4 In India, average menopausal age in women is 46.3 years as compared to 54 years in western countries. 5,6 This predisposes Indian women at higher risk of developing osteoarthritis in earlier age as compared to their western counterparts. It could be due to loss of estrogen especially close to menopausal years at this time. 7,8ABSTRACT Background: Knee osteoarthritis is the most common form of joint disorder and a leading cause of pain and functional disability among elderly female population. Type 2-diabetes is frequently reported comorbidity in elderly female patients with knee osteoarthritis. VCAM-1 is emerging as a strong and independent predictor for severe osteoarthritis. VCAM-1 is an inducible cell surface sialo glycoprotein and mediates heterotypic cellular aggregation. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the role of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 at the onset of knee osteoarthritis among type 2 diabetic postmenopausal women. Methods: The present study includes 100 type 2-diabetic female subjects of age above 50 years as cases and 100 normal healthy female age matched individuals as controls. Osteoarthritis of knee was ascertained using the American college of rheumatology classification criteria. Serum soluble VCAM-1 concentration was measured by ELISA method in all 200 subjects. Biochemical parameters-Fasting blood sugar and lipid profile were measured using Mind ray BS-400 and HbA1c was measured by turbidimetric immunoassay method. Statistical analysis was made by student independent sample t-test. Correlation was determined by using spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Results: Serum level of soluble VCAM-1 was found statistically highly significant (p<0.001) in type 2 diabetic postmenopausal women having early stage of knee osteoarthritis as compared to control healthy subjects. The mean levels of fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, total cholesterol, TG, LDL-C and VLDL-C were also found significantly increased while HDL-C was found significantly decreased in cases as compared to controls. Conclusions: The increased level of soluble VCAM-1 in type 2 diabetic subjects shows active inflammation or cartilage damage. Therefore, it can be used as an early biomarker for osteoarthritis among type 2 diabetic postmenopausal women.