Kulcsszavak:Bizalom, társadalmi tőke, vidék-város, településszerkezet, European Social Survey Tanulmányunkban a társadalmi tőke egyik kulcselemével, a bizalommal foglalkozunk. Célunk annak feltárása, hogy a rendelkezésre álló survey adatok alapján kimutatható-e különbség az általánosított bizalom szintjében Európa vidéki és városi tereiben. Az álta-lánosított bizalom jelentőségét számtalan társadalom-tudományi elmélet, megközelítés hangsúlyozza, töb-bek között a kölcsönösség, a szolidaritás, a kollektív cselekvés, a befogadás, a tolerancia, az intézmények-be vetett bizalom, végső soron a társadalmi integráció és a demokrácia alapvető feltételének tekintve azt. A vidék-város "ellentét", a két markáns térszerveződési típus társadalmi jellemzői közötti különbségek vizsgá-lata mindig is a tudományos érdeklődés középpontjá-ban állt. A bizalom kérdése is gyakran felbukkan e munkákban, mégis a szakirodalom alapján nehéz egyértelműen jellemezni a vidéki és a városi bizalmat, a közöttük esetlegesen létező eltérések mértékét és fő-ként azok irányát.
61ST ERSA CONGRESSTwo notable scientific events were organized by the Hungarian Regional Science Association in the year 2022 in Hungary. The report presents them in a chronological order. In 2022, Pécs, Hungary was home to the Annual Congress of the European Regional Science Association (ERSA). The ERSA Congress titled "Disparities in a Digitalising (Post-Covid) world -Networks, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development" hosted a large variety of themes in entrepreneurship, socio-economics, regional-urban economics, regional development, and regional policy related topics such as local governance and institutions. A chief ambition of the Congress was to achieve a stronger interdisciplinary dimension, featuring contributions and data from social sciences and entrepreneurship. With approximately 800 participants every year from all continents, ERSA Congresses have become the largest-scale academic conferences in regional science worldwide.With its prominent history going back to 1982, ERSA is one of the most prestigious scientific societies in regional science and the largest supranational section of the Regional Science Association International (RSAI) at the same time. For the first time in its history, the annual congress of ERSA was held virtually and in-person simultaneously. (Due to the COVID pandemic in the previous year, the congress was held online.
Els recents canvis en la concepció del patrimoni cultural han portat a considerar-lo no sols com a objecte de protecció i salvaguarda sinó, més enllà, com un recurs per al desenvolupament sostenible. En conseqüència, els efectes del seu correcte tractament podrien contribuir significativament a un dels grans reptes contemporanis del món occidental: el desequilibri urbà-territorial. El nostre propòsit en aquest estudi és extreure les claus de la contribució de l'ús innovador i sostenible del patrimoni cultural per al desenvolupament local de zones rurals, perifèriques o vulnerables. A través de la consideració dels aspectes socioeconòmics i urbà-territorials, i de l'anàlisi de dos estudis de cas europeus, tractarem de revelar com aquestes pràctiques i la pròpia presència del patrimoni cultural poden contribuir a pal·liar el desequilibri territorial. Per a això, combinarem la recerca bibliogràfica i documental amb l'ús i tractament de dades. Hem utilitzat principalment dades estadístiques sobre l'evolució demogràfica a diferents escales, així com dades sobre elements del patrimoni natural i cultural, material i immaterial. Els dos casos triats són el sud d'Espanya i Hongria. Reflecteixen la pluralitat del territori rural a Europa i la seva diversitat de circumstàncies tant en termes d'ocupació del territori com d'evolució sociodemogràfica i de tractament del patrimoni. Els resultats revelen que la mera presència del patrimoni i la seva protecció contribueixen a millorar el comportament demogràfic de les zones vulnerables, però que els efectes es potencien quan van acompanyats d'iniciatives innovadores i de cooperació territorial. Recent changes in the conception of cultural heritage have led to considering it not only as an object of protection and safeguarding but, beyond that, as a resource for sustainable development. Consequently, the effects of correctly handling heritage issues may significantly contribute to one of the great contemporary challenges of the western world: the urban-territorial imbalance. In this study, our purpose is to extract the key means of contributing to the innovative and sustainable deployment of cultural heritage for the local development of rural, peripheral, and/or vulnerable areas. Through the consideration of both socio-economic and urban-territorial aspects, and analysis of two European case studies, we aim to demonstrate how these practices and the very presence of cultural heritage can contribute to alleviating territorial imbalances. For this purpose, we set out the findings of bibliographic and documentary research with recourse to data processing. We have mainly applied statistical data on demographic trends across different scales as well as data on facets of natural and cultural, tangible and intangible heritage. The two cases chosen are southern Spain and Hungary. They reflect the plurality of the rural territories of Europe and their diversity of circumstances, both in terms of their territorial occupation and the socio-demographic evolution and treatment of their respective heritage. The results not only reveal how the mere presence of heritage and its protection contribute to improving demographic trends in vulnerable areas but also that these effects are enhanced when accompanied by innovative initiatives and territorial cooperation. Los recientes cambios en la concepción del patrimonio cultural han llevado a considerarlo no sólo como objeto de protección y salvaguarda sino, más allá, como un recurso para el desarrollo sostenible. En consecuencia, los efectos de su correcto tratamiento podrían contribuir significativamente a uno de los grandes retos contemporáneos del mundo occidental: el desequilibrio urbano-territorial. Nuestro propósito en este estudio es extraer las claves de la contribución del uso innovador y sostenible del patrimonio cultural para el desarrollo local de zonas rurales, periféricas o vulnerables. A través de la consideración de los aspectos socioeconómicos y urbano-territoriales, y del análisis de dos estudios de caso europeos, trataremos de desvelar cómo estas prácticas y la propia presencia del patrimonio cultural pueden contribuir a paliar el desequilibrio territorial. Para ello, combinaremos la investigación bibliográfica y documental con el uso y tratamiento de datos. Hemos utilizado principalmente datos estadísticos sobre la evolución demográfica a diferentes escalas, así como datos sobre elementos del patrimonio natural y cultural, material e inmaterial. Los dos casos elegidos son el sur de España y Hungría. Reflejan la pluralidad del territorio rural en Europa y su diversidad de circunstancias tanto en términos de ocupación del territorio como de evolución sociodemográfica y de tratamiento del patrimonio. Los resultados revelan que la mera presencia del patrimonio y su protección contribuyen a mejorar el comportamiento demográfico de las zonas vulnerables, pero que los efectos se potencian cuando van acompañados de iniciativas innovadoras y de cooperación territorial.
A global pandemic affected the type and place of work in several ways. For coworking places it caused disruptions according to direct (e.g. measures) and indirect (e.g. urban outmigration) reasons. The present chapter focuses on how coworking places in Hungary choose different adaptation strategies to deal with the unprecedented challenge that COVID-19 accounted for. It gives insight into the Hungarian pandemic situation between 2020 and 2022, identifying restrictions and no state financial aid whatsoever which determined the playing field for coworking places. The chapter contains different sections related to the outbreak and the Hungarian coworking landscape as well as coping strategies these alternative workspaces relied on to survive the first two years of the pandemic: location change, size reduction, change of function, and relying on informal networks are the identified ones.
The paper presents a multi-theoretical argument by linking the mid-range concepts of risk and trust to some core, classical approaches of rural sociology. The main assumption is that risk and trust, two essential features of social interactions in late modernity are influenced by the rural and urban forms of coexistence. Based on the typological grand theories of early rural sociology, countryside-like milieu reduces risks, and by this, supports the individual abilities of showing trust. The paper analyzes this assumption on European countries’ data through a quantitative empirical inquiry. The findings do not strengthen the basic hypothesis which conclusion suggests that the classical typological approach of rural sociology should be seen through a critical lens – just as the new theoretical interpretations from the field recommend it.
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