Abstract. Nurhasnawati H, Sundu R, Sapri, Supriningrum R, Kuspradini H, Arung ET. 2019. Antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content of several indigenous species of ferns in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 576-580. This study aimed to determine the total phenolic and flavonoids content and antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of several indigenous species of ferns in East Kalimantan. Total phenolic content was determined by Folin-Ciocalteau method and flavonoid content was measured by colorimetric method. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. The result of photochemical screening indicated that the leaves of Plagiogyria pycnophylla, Plagiogyria glauca, and Stenochlaena palustris contained alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, saponin, and steroid while Acrostichum aureum contained flavonoid, tannin, saponin and steroid. The result showed extract Acrostichum aureum had the highest total phenolic content (366.4573 ± 2.2117 mg GAE.g-1), flavonoid content (228.6087 ± 2.2548 mg QE.g-1), and very strong antioxidant activity with IC50 value 29.5303 ppm. There is positive correlation between total phenolic content, flavonoid with antioxidant activity.

Areca seeds contain flavonoid, tannin, and alkaloid which can help the healing process of burn wounds on the back skin of mice. Areca seeds are used for treatment because it has  antimicrobial activity. Areca Seeds are one of Indonesian plants which the fruit in tranditional way is used as burn medicine. The objective of this study was to know theeffect of ethanol extract of areca seeds against burn wound healing on the back skin of mice. Fifteen mices were used in this experiment and were divided into 5 groups : vaseline flavum as a control negative, branded ointment as a control positive , ethanol extract of areca seeds in vaseline flavum with consentration 20%, 40 % and 60 %. Each group consisted of 3 mices. The back skin of mice was induced using hot iron size 1×1 cm for 2 seconds then given a treatment for 14 days. The percentage of healing of burns  by calculating the surface area of wound. The results of its preliminary phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins. The percentage of burn wound healing of ethanol extract in concentration 20 % was 84,33 %, 40 % was 87,67%; and 60% was 89,67%. Data was analyzed using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) which showed that data has significant differences (P < 0,05) was 0,000. LSD test showed that each treatment group had siginicant differences with significant value < 0,05.

Keyword: formulation, mouthwash, guava leaves, Streptococcus mutans ABSTRAKDaun jambu biji memiliki khasiat sebagai antidiare, antioksidan, antiinflamasi dan antimikroba. Hasil fitokimia ekstrak daun jambu biji menunjukkan bahwa tanaman ini mengandung tanin, flavonoid, steroid, dan saponin. Selain itu ekstrak daun jambu biji juga mengandung minyak atsiri yang kaya akan sineol. Pemanfaatan daun jambu biji sebagai sediaan mouthwash merupakan suatu alternatif untuk mengganti sediaan mouthwash yang pada umumnya mengandung antiseptik berupa alkohol yang dapat memicu terjadinya kanker mulut. Penelitian ini memformulasikan ekstrak daun jambu biji menjadi sediaan mouthwash yang memenuhi persyaratan fisik dan mengetahui perbedaan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak 2,5%, 3%, dan 3,5%. Uji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan media MHA dengan metode difusi agar. Uji persyaratan fisik meliputi uji organoleptis, uji pH, dan uji viskositas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sediaan mouthwash ekstrak daun jambu biji mempunyai pH di luar range pertumbuhan optimum bakteri, yaitu 5. Viskositas sediaan mouthwash sebesar 1,328-1,347 cP. Aktivitas antibakteri Streptococcus mutans pada F1 menghasilkan zona hambat sebesar 3,15 mm, F2 sebesar 3,83 mm, dan F3 sebesar 4,32 mm. Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak daun jambu biji konsentrasi 2,5%, 3% dan 3,5% dapat diformulasikan dalam bentuk sediaan mouthwash. Sediaan mouthwash memenuhi persyaratan fisik meliputi, uji pH, uji viskositas, uji organoleptis dan dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans.

Daun singkil memiliki kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder berupa flavonoid, saponin, tanin dan triterpenoid/steroid. Pengeringan merupakan salah satu tahap pembuatan simplisia yang dilakukan agar simplisia tidak mudah rusak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar flavonoid ekstrak etanol daun singkil berdasarkan variasi suhu dan waktu pengeringan simplisia. Tahapan penelitian meliputi pengambilan sampel, determinasi tumbuhan, pembuatan simplisia dengan pengeringan oven pada suhu 50 ºC dan 70 ºC dengan waktu 8 dan 10 jam, ekstraksi secara maserasi, skrining fitokimia ekstrak, penetapan kadar flavonoid menggunakan Spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun singkil memiliki senyawa metabolit sekunder yaitu tanin, flavonoid, saponin dan terpenoid/steroid. Kadar rata-rata flavonoid ekstrak etanol daun singkil berdasarkan suhu dan waktu pengeringan simplisia berturut-turut mulai dari yang tertinggi adalah suhu 50oC waktu 10 jam sebesar 1,54% ; suhu 70 ºC waktu 8 jam sebesar 1,50% ; suhu 70 ºC waktu 10 jam sebesar 1,38% dan suhu 50 ºC waktu 8 jam sebesar 0,96% .

Free radicals and reactive species are widely believed to contribute to the development of several diseases by causing oxidative stress and eventually oxidative. Vernonia amygdalina (Astereacea) is a small shrub or tree between 1 and 5m high growing throughout tropical Africa. Plants are generally known as bitter leaves is well cultivated and is a general market for merchandise in several countries. The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of hexane fraction from ethanol extract od Frican leaves (Vernonia amygdalina Del.). The method used in this study was the DPPH (1,1-Diphenil-2-Picrylhydrazyl) method. The result of phytochemical screening showed that ethanolic extract of African leaves contained a composition of secondary metabolites of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids/triterpenoids and saponins. The antioxidant activity of the extract of n-hexane fraction was classified as very weak with an IC50 value of 317.98 ppm.