Descrevendo o turismo no estado do Rio de Janeiro, destaca-se o seu litoral. Parte desta área integra a região turística denominada Costa do Sol (litoral norte) e a Costa Verde (litoral sul). Pode-se assim,remeter à ideia de apropriação do espaço litorâneo pela prática turística e aos conflitos existentes entre as populações locais e às novas lógicas do capital que se inserem na região. Este trabalho tem como foco de pesquisa a região da Costa Verde, que sofreu influencia do turismo a partir da década de 1970 com a inauguração do trecho Rio-Santos da BR101. Com a estrada chegaram à especulação imobiliária e consequente expulsão dos nativos, e também a instituição das leis ambientais como a criação de unidades de conservação da natureza de proteção integral. No entanto, nesta região estão presentes diversos grupos tradicionais: indígenas, caiçaras e quilombolas que lutam pelo reconhecimento de seu território, contra a expulsão do local herdado e os limites de utilização dos recursos impostos pelas unidades de proteção. Além disto, reivindicam serem incluídos no mapa do turismo da região. Como grande protagonista local foi criado, em 2007, o Fórum de comunidades Tradicionais Angra dos Reis, Paraty e Ubatuba - FCT que traz à tona questões diversas que permeiam a vida de todos que vivem neste local. Na reivindicação pela visibilidade ligada ao turismo foi elaborado o mapa de turismo de base comunitária - TBC do Fórum em 2015. Assim, tendo como metodologia de pesquisa exploratória e descritiva utilizando o método qualitativo (pesquisa documental, bibliográfica e de campo), este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar, do ponto de vista sociocultural e político-organizacional, como se constitui o TBC no território abrangido pelo FCT, porém tendo como foco de análise três iniciativas: a comunidade caiçara de São Gonçalo (Paraty), Quilombo Bracuí e Aldeia Sapukai, ambas localizadas em Angra dos Reis. O resultado traz reflexões sobre o TBC e suas correlações com alguns temas: populações tradicionais; resistência cultural, territorial e econômica; permanência no território tradicional; valorização da identidade e história local; o direito pela prática das atividades econômicas tradicionais e do turismo.Ou seja, ser uma população tradicional significa uma forma de resistência, que transforma experiências locais em turismo. Um turismo denominado localmente de TBC que significa também incluir no mapa do estado os grupos sociais “invisíveis”. Assim constata-se que estas iniciativas estão ligadas a um movimento político e social que tem o turismo como ferramenta de poder. Community-based tourism in Costa Verde (RJ): caiçaras, quilombolas and indigenous peoples ABSTRACT The coastline stands out in the description of tourism in the state of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). Part of this area comprises the tourist regions of Costa do Sol (northern coast) and Costa Verde (southern coast). They are related to the ideas of appropriation of the coastal space by tourist practice and the conflicts among local populations and the new logics of the capital inserted in the region. This study discusses the Costa Verde region which was influenced by tourism from the 70s with the opening of the Rio-Santos stretch of the BR101 highway. It was followed by real estate speculation and consequentently expulsion of indigenous peoples and also the emergence of environmental laws with the creation of nature conservation units of integral protection. In this region, there are several tradition groups – such as indigenous peoples, caiçaras and quilombolas – who claim: a) the recognition of their territories against the expulsion of the inherited place and the limits of the use of resources imposed by the protected units, and b) their inclusion in the tourist map of the region. Playing the role of the great local protagonist, the Forum of the Traditional Comunities (FCT) of Angra dos Reis, Paraty e Ubatuba was created in 2007 to discuss several issues concerning the life of their residents. As to the demand to the visibility linked to tourism, a community-based tourism (TBC) map was made in the 2015 Forum. This work aims at investigating the TBC in the territories comprising the FCT under a sociocultural and political-organizational approach and an exploratory and descriptive methodological framework with focus on three initiatives: the caiçara community of São Gonçalo (Paraty), Bracuí Quilombo and Sapukai Village, located in Angra dos Reis. The findings of the research raise insights on the TBC and its correlation with the following themes: traditional populations, cultural, territorial and economic resistence, permanence in traditional territory, promotion of local identity and history and the right to the practice of traditional and economic activities and tourism. In other words, being a traditional population means a form of resistence which transforms local experiences in tourism and a locally named TBC also means including the ' invisible' social groups in the state map. Our claim is that these initiatives are linked to a political and social movement which uses tourism as a power tool. KEYWORDS: Community-Based Tourism; Traditional Populations; Costa Verde (RJ, Brazil); Forum of Traditional Communities.
As 4.5 billion of the world's population do not have safe sanitation, access to water and sanitation is one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 6) in the 2030 Agenda. This research aims to investigate the relationship between sanitary conditions and tourism, based on ecological sanitation action research developed with the local community of Praia do Sono (Paraty, Brazil), a community gateway that integrates two protected areas: the State Ecological Reserve of Juatinga and Cairuçu Environmental Protection Area. Using a qualitative approach, specifically participant observation, during one ecological sanitation project, and semi-structured interviews with nine stakeholders, the results revealed that territorial conflicts, protected area (PA) preservationist policies and the consolidation of mass tourism has limited cultural subsistence practices and the sense of collective in the community. The water sanitation project has produced more belonging and identity in the community through the recognition of the health benefits and improved quality of life for residents.
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