This paper investigates the possibility of an effect of contextual information during the processing of sentences containing subject relative clauses (SRCs) and object relative clauses (ORCs) in Brazilian Portuguese. The predictions from one-stage models and from syntaxoriented approaches to sentence processing are outlined. An eye-tracking experiment is reported in which SRCs and ORC were presented when preceded by narrative contexts that could either favor a subject or an object relative clause analysis. The results suggest that ORCs are harder 1 This paper is an extended version of the work On the unbalance between subject and object relative clauses in discourse context presented in the XXIX CUNY Conference on human sentence processing, Florida, March 3-5, 2016. This research was supported by a post-doctoral scholarship for the first author (PDJ-CNPq) and was developed in connection with the project "Processamento e aquisição da linguagem sob ótica minimalista: extensão e comparação de modelos" (PQ-CNPq) of the second author. Linguagem, Belo Horizonte, v.25, n.3, p. 1225-1254, 2017 1226 to process when compared to SRCs, no matter what discourse contexts they are inserted in. The contextual effect obtained here can be ascribed to a pre-syntactic priming, ie. a priming effect which arises during lexical access. The possibility of pre-and post-syntactic contextual effects in the processing of RCs is discussed. Keywords: relative clauses; sentence-processing; eye-tracking. Revista de Estudos daResumo: Este trabalho investiga, no Português Brasileiro, a possibilidade de um efeito de informação contextual no processamento de sentenças contendo orações relativas de sujeito (RS) e de objeto (RO), considerando os possíveis impactos dessa integração para a assimetria de custo entre RSs e ROs. Previsões de modelos de base estrutural e de modelos interativos são comparadas. Um experimento de rastreamento ocular é relatado em que relativas de sujeito e de objeto foram apresentadas em contextos narrativos que favoreceriam o processamento, ou de uma relativa de sujeito, ou de uma relativa de objeto. Os resultados sugerem que ROs têm maior custo quando comparadas a relativas de sujeito, independentemente do contexto discursivo no qual estão inseridas. O efeito de informação contextual obtido pode ser atribuído a um efeito de priming pré-sintático, ou seja, um efeito de priming durante o acesso lexical. Discute-se a possibilidade de efeitos contextuais pré e pós-sintáticos no processamento de orações relativas. Palavras-chave: orações relativas; compreensão da linguagem; rastreamento ocular.
This paper is intended to show that a proposal (Grodzinsky & Friederici 2006) on dissociation between two types of movement (MOVE XP and MOVE V ) is not supported by a critical review of data found in the literature of studies dealing with agrammatic aphasia. This procedure is considered to be of fundamental relevance for studies that plan to use evidence derived from studies based on linguistic aphasiology, since this field exhibits some problematic aspects concerning data analysis. Some conclusions reviewed here, thought to be straightforward, are, indeed, subject to questioning. In other cases, there are contradictory results that are commonly ignored in the construction of hypotheses. It is offered, then, a new posture on the consideration of the validity of studies that focus on aphasic syndromes within a linguistic framework.
Este trabalho apresenta uma revisão sobre a desordem informacional, incluindo as chamadas “fake news”. Conteúdos falsos ou maliciosos, por seu potencial de propagação nos meios digitais, impactam a vida política e social, sendo associados desde a rejeição de recomendações de saúde até a distúrbios violentos. Nessa revisão, em primeiro lugar, caracterizamos a desordem informacional, elencando distinções conceituais entre suas diferentes manifestações. Em segundo lugar, tratamos dos processos produção e divulgação desses conteúdos, abordando os agentes e canais envolvidos. Na sequência, debatemos o processo de recepção de conteúdos falsos. São apresentados trabalhos que, a partir de mecanismos de ordem cognitiva e psicológica, buscam responder por que se acredita e se socializa esses materiais.
This study investigates the effect of featural mismatch in the processing of object relative clauses (ORCs). A self-paced reading experiment is reported in which the matching of formal and semantic number features of the head noun and the RC subject is manipulated. The predicted full mismatching intervention/interference effect was not obtained but collective nouns gave rise to the shortest reading times in both the subject and the RC verb regions. A follow-up suggests that it is subject-verb agreement in both the RC and the main clause that is vulnerable to semantic interference.
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