Abstract   Infectious disease is one of the most common diseases in the world. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are two common causes of infection and are resistant to many antibiotics, so the new agents are needed to overcome antibiotic resistance. Cinnamon is often used as a preservative because it has antibacterial activity. Cinnamomum burmannii is kind of native cinnamon from Indonesia. The antimicrobial active compounds cinnamaldehyde and eugenol are the main reasons for its antibacterial activity. This study observed the efficacy of the cinnamon extract (Cinnamomum burmannii) as antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. An experimental study, in vitro using Post-test Only Control Group Designed, has been done in Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory of Medical Faculty of Sriwijaya University. Cinnamon was extracted, then tested for its antibacterial activity using well diffusion and serial dilution to determine diameter of inhibition zone and minimum bactericidal concentration. Phytochemical tests were also conducted to determine the antibacterial compounds of cinnamon extract. Ethanol extract of cinnamon was able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus with MBC 5% and inihibitory zone 6,84±0,68 mm and Escherichia coli with MBC 10% and inhibitory zone 5,69±0,69 mm. Cinnamon extract which has the greatest effectiveness is concentration of 40% with inhibition zone 15,69±0,80 mm (Staphylococcus aureus) and 9,63±0,59 mm (Escherichia coli). This ability is due to the antibacterial compounds as evidenced by positive results in various phytochemical tests. Cinnamon extract is effective as antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in vitro.   Keywords: efficacy, antibacterial, Cinnamomum burmannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli

Persalinan preterm adalah persalinan kurang dari 37 minggu usia kehamilan. Preterm menyumbang sekitar 50% dari semua kematian neonatal. Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara penyumbang persalinan preterm terbanyak pada  tahun 2010. Penyebab persalinan preterm adalah kombinasi dari berbagai macam keadaan, seperti obstetrik, sosiodemografi, dan faktor medik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi dan hubungan faktor risiko dengan persalinan preterm di RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik observasional. Sebanyak 505 sampel ibu bersalin diambil dengan teknik simple random sampling. Data dicatat dan diobservasi dari rekam medik berupa usia, jarak kehamilan, riwayat persalinan preterm, tingkat pendidikan, kehamilan multipel, ketuban pecah dini, dan riwayat perdarahan antepartum. Lalu data dianalisis dengan uji chi square. Pada penelitian ini dijumpai angka kejadian persalinan preterm sebanyak 497 (20,7%) ditahun 2015, 687 (29,4%) ditahun 2016, dan 578 (26,9%) ditahun 2017. Secara statistik terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara riwayat persalinan preterm, kehamilan multipel, ketuban pecah dini, dan perdarahan antepartum (p <0,05). Sedangkan variabel usia, jarak kehamilan, dan tingkat pendidikan tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dengan kejadian persalinan preterm. Dari analisis mutivariat didapatkan variabel yang paling berpengaruh adalah kehamilan multipel. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara variabel riwayat persalinan preterm sebelumnya, kehamilan multipel, ketuban pecah dini, dan perdarahan antepartum dengan kejadian persalinan preterm.

Karamunting (Rhodomyrtustomentosa (Aiton) Hassk.) is one of the most widespread plants in Sumaterawhich areknown to have traditionally used as wound and infection remedy. However, research on anti-inflammatory activity is limited. This study aimedto determine the effect of antiinflammatory of Karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk.) leaf extracts using acute rat model (carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema). Sodium diclofenac 4,5 mg.kg−1BW as standard anti-inflammatory drug, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol of Karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk.) leaf extracts each dose 200 mg.kg−1BW were administered orally to 24 Wistar rats 1 h before induction oedema and compared with a negative control given Na CMC 1%. The mean percentage inhibition of paw volume of rats treated with sodium diclofenac was 64,82%, followed by n-hexane extract with 44,75%, ethyl acetat extract with 56,93%, and ethanol extract with 63,56%. All extract have similar antiinflammatory effect with sodium diclofenac (p>0,05). This result suggest that all Karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk.) leaf extracts have antiinflammatory properties comparable withstandard drugs.

Luka bakar merupakan salah satu cedera yang sering terjadi di masyarakat dan menjadi masalah global di masyarakat. Penyembuhan luka adalah suatu bentuk proses usaha untuk memperbaiki kerusakan yang terjadi pada kulit. Pembentukan jaringan granulasi adalah tahap yang penting dalam fase proliferasi dan penyembuhan luka.Saat ini, selain menggunakan obat modern seperti antibiotika silver sulfadiazine 1%, penelitian untuk pengobatan luka bakar menggunakan bahan-bahan herbal mulai banyak dilakukan oleh para peneliti. Salah satu bahan herbal yang digunakan untuk mengobati luka adalah Kayu Manis (Cinnamomun Burmanii). Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi inovasi baru pemanfaatan kayu manis sebagai penyembuh luka dan dapat dikembangkan sebagai terapi komplementer yang efektif dan efisien. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektifitas penggunaan Silver Sulfadiazine 1% Dibandingkan Kayu Manis (Cinnamomun Burmanii) pada Proses Pembentukan Jaringan Granulasi Tikus Wistar dengan Luka Bakar Derajat II. Penelitian ini merupakan studi eksperimentalmenggunakan rancangan penelitian post test only control group designyangdilaksanakan pada bulan September-November 2018 di Laboratorium Teknik Kimia Universitas Sriwijaya, di Animal House Fakultas Kedokteran Unsri dan Laboratorium Patologi RSUP dr.Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. Sampel yang digunakan adalah tikus putih sebanyak 30 sampel dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok perlakuan yaitu I (kontrol negatif), II (diberikan salep ekstrak kayu manis dosis 10%), III (dosis 20%), IV (dosis 40%) dan V (kelompok kontrol positif diberikan Silver Sulfadiazine 1%). Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan program STATA 15 yaitu dengan uji homogenitas, uji OneWay Anova dan dilanjutkan uji post hoc multiple comparisons.

Reports on antibody titers following CoronaVac administration are still scarce, particularly when it comes to the post-vaccination effectiveness of CoronaVac in the Indonesian population. The purpose of  this study is to determine the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination by comparing the IgG levels against the S1 subunit of SARS-CoV-2 RBD after the first and second vaccinations. The researchers collected venous blood samples from participants after they received the CoronaVac 600 SU/0.5 mL vaccine at two different intervals (14 days and 28 days). Blood was drawn twice (after the first and second vaccinations) and tested for antibodies (positive antibody detection value of 50 AU/mL). Paired data were analyzed by using either the Wilcoxon test (numerical) or the McNemar test (categorical). The median IgG1 levels in the 14-day interval between vaccine doses were 64.40 AU/mL and IgG2 levels were 886.10 AU/mL. Meanwhile, the median IgG1 level was 146.10, and IgG2 level was 688.00.AU/mL in the group with a 28-day interval between vaccine doses. After the first vaccination, 60.00 % of study subjects had positive IgG levels, which increased to 98.57% after the second vaccination. Following the full-dose vaccination, all participants had higher antibody levels, and considered significant. The effect was stronger in the group that received the vaccine at 14-day intervals. CoronaVac has also been shown to increase the prevalence of detectable antibody positivity in study participants.