Coconut water is known as a nutritious natural drink. It is not only considered functional, but also nutraceutical. Coconut water is widely used as isotonic drink or oral rehydration fluid, since it showed excellent rehydration index and blood glucose response in previous researches. The quality of isotonic drink is determined by its sugar content (as the source of carbohydrate) and electrolyte content. Moreover, its organoleptic properties should be able to stimulate the urge to spontaniously drink more. However, the processing of coconut water into isotonic drink usually applies ultra high or very low temperature which might deteriorate its nutrition value and organoleptic properties, causing the needs to use a considerable amount of food additives. There are plenty varieties of coconut in Indonesia, each produces different characteristics of coconut water. The objectives of this research are to compare the carbohydrate-electrolyte characteristics of coconut water, and also other essential characteristics from several varieties and to determine which variety is closest to the quality standard of isotonic drink. Therefore, isotonic drink can be developed with only minimum food additives. We compared Dalam Pangandaran, Genjah Salak and Hybrid PB121. The characteristics observed were total sugar, sucrose, glucose, fructose, potassium, sodium, magnesium, vitamin B1, vitamin B6 and vitamin C content, as well as pH, total soluble solids, clarity and colour. Coconut water obatined from Genjah (Dwarf) variety showed the more suitable characteristics for the development of isotonic drink. Thus the product can be developed by cold sterilitation process with minimum food additives.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membuat produk mie dan cookies dari tepung walur yang sudah direduksi oksalatnya sebagai pensubstitusi tepung terigu. Eksperimen dilakukan dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap Satu Faktor dengan perlakuan persentase substitusi tepung walur yang terdiri dari 4 taraf perlakuan dan 2 kali ulangan, yaitu 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% dalam pembuatan mie dan 5 taraf perlakuan dan 2 kali ulangan, yaitu 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% dalam pembuatan cookies. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produk mie dengan persen substitusi tepung walur 30% dan produk cookies dengan persen subtitusi tepung 50 % masih dapat diterima secara sensori. PendahuluanSebagian besar bahan pangan yang dikomsumsi di Indonesia berbahan dasar tepung terigu. Produk olahan tepung terigu seperti mie, cookies, roti dan biskuit telah menjadi menu harian pada sebagian orang. Konsumsi produk olahan berbasis tepung terigu yang sangat tinggi menjadikan tepung terigu sebagai bahan pangan pokok setara beras. Namun, sebagian besar pemenuhan kebutuhan tepung terigu dalam negeri berasal dari tepung terigu impor. Ketergantungan terhadap tepung terigu impor merupakan salah satu permasalahan yang dihadapi negara Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan suatu upaya untuk menyikapi permasalahan ini dalam memperjuangkan kemandirian pangan serta menjaga stabilitas ketahanan pangan.Diversifikasi bahan pangan pokok berbasis bahan pangan lokal adalah salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap tepung terigu impor. Kelompok umbi-umbian memiliki potensi yang besar sebagai bahan pangan alternatif untuk dikembangkan sebagai pengganti tepung terigu. Salah satu kelompok umbi-umbian yang potensial untuk dikembangkan adalah walur. Walur termasuk kedalam family Araceae, genus Amorphophallus, dan spesies Amorphophallus campanulatus var. sylvetris. Menurut Ohtsuki (1968), Amorphophallus campanulatus mengandung kadar pati yang tinggi yaitu sekitar 77 %. Melihat potensi umbi walur yang cukup besar untuk dikembangkan, perlu dilakukan suatu pengkajian terhadap umbi walur sehingga dapat menghasilkan produk olahan umbi walur yang bermutu, berdaya saing dan memiliki nilai tambah yang tinggi seperti pemanfaatan tepung walur dalam pembuatan mie dan cookies. Tujuan umum dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari produksi mie dan cookies dari tepung walur yang telah direduksi kandungan oksalatnya sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber pangan alternatif.
<p align="center">ABSTRAK</p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p>Uni Eropa merupakan importir kopi terbesar di dunia yang menyerap hampir setengah produksi kopi dunia, dan menjadi pasar global terbesar untuk kopi berbasis keberlanjutan yang bernilai tinggi. Namun sebagai salah satu produsen kopi terbesar dunia yang mengekspor produk kopi ke lebih dari 60 negara, pangsa Indonesia di pasar Uni Eropa masih sangat kecil jika dibandingkan dengan negara produsen kopi lainnya seperti Brazil dan Vietnam. Faktor yang menjadi penyebabnya adalah standar pasar Uni Eropa dikenal sangat tinggi terhadap mutu dan keamanan kopi, bahkan seringkali melebihi standar internasional pada umumnya. Di sisi lain, kemampuan Indonesia untuk memproduksi kopi yang sesuai standar tersebut relatif masih kecil yang diakibatkan oleh produsen kopi yang didominasi oleh petani kecil dengan kapasitas dan kapabilitas yang terbatas untuk memenuhi standar keberlanjutan yang menjadi tuntutan pasar, sehingga perlu upaya khusus untuk meningkatkan pangsa ekspor kopi Indonesia ke wilayah tersebut. Untuk itu, Indonesia membutuhkan beberapa terobosan yang perlu didukung oleh semua pemangku kepentingan di dalam negeri, mulai dari level usahatani hingga strategi ekspor. Pada level usahatani, peningkatan produktivitas dan efisiensi usahatani, kualitas produk dan resiliensi petani perlu diperkuat, khususnya terkait dengan sistem produksi kopi yang berkelanjutan. Untuk meningkatkan ekspor kopi Indonesia di pasar Uni Eropa, langkah utama yang harus dilakukan adalah memperhatikan aspek keberlanjutan. Sedangkan strategi ekspor yang harus dilakukan sesuai dengan prioritasnya adalah: pemilihan saluran distribusi dan penetapan harga produk, pemilihan pedagang dan rekanan dagang, mengoptimalkan peran industri pengolahan dan asosiasi kopi, layanan daring, mengikuti pameran dagang dan pelatihan ekspor yang sering diselenggarakan oleh negara-negara Uni Eropa.</p><p align="center">ABSTRACT</p><p><em> </em></p><p>European Union (EU) is the world's largest coffee importer that takes up more than half of global coffee production, as well as the largest global market for high value and sustainability-based coffee products. However, as one of the main coffee producers which supply coffee products to more than 60 countries, Indonesian share to the EU coffee market was relatively low, compared to other main producing countries (i.e. Brazil and Vietnam). It is caused by the very high and strict standard for coffee quality and safety in EU market which often exceeds the international standards in general. On the other hand, Indonesian coffee production that meet the EU standard relatively low as the result of the domination of small-scale coffee producers in Indonesia which have low capacity and capability in fulfilling the sustainability and export standard so that it needs to reformulate the strategies to expand the Indonesian coffee market in the EU region. Therefore, strategic and action plans are needed and supported by policy makers and stake holders (i.e. on-farm level through increasing productivity, efficiency, quality and farmers resiliency in order to meet the sustainability and export quality standard), the selection of distribution channels and product pricing, the selection of traders and trading partners, empowering specialty roasters, small-scale roasters, coffee associations, online services, as well as coffee trade exhibition and exports training which often organized by European Union countries.</p>
Liquid and solid waste are claimed as one of source of Green House Gas (GHG) which cause global warming and climate change. Fruit has a potency producing solid waste. To figure out the local fruit waste potential; we correlated the fruit production, the edible portion of the composition of food, published paper, and also our experience in doing postharvest research. Not all fruit has production data, also not all the production data have edible portion. Some of variation of cultivated variety has also been neglected. The figure shows 8 097 938 tonnes of fruit waste annually produced in Indonesia. This value is bigger than annual production of banana which is the biggest fruit produced in Indonesia viz 6 862 567 tonnes. The fruit losses data are unavailable, but this would increase the amount of waste if it the good handling practices failed to be done. The government policy across ministry and across center and local government were produced supporting decree and regulation to preserve the environment. The member of society such as researcher, culinary society, and processor were trying to improve their knowledge to utilize the fruit solid waste. Fruit processing industry both local and abroad facing dynamic pressure and some of them faced difficulty in coping environmental problem. Looking for better solution for potential environmental problem from fruit, it is recommended researching varieties with long storage life; also continuing research on postharvest fruit preservation and transportation, fruit seedless, and continuing to educate small processor, and society to have better understanding of GHG and global warming and how to cope them. Index Terms-fruit waste, fruit losses, waste utilization, fruit postharvest handling, fruit processing
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