Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, manusia saling melakukan kerjasama untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya seperti melakukan pertukaran barang atau ragam bentuk perjanjian yang sudah kompleks. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan memahami dasar legitimasi negara turut campur dalam bidang hukum privat (perjanjian) serta mengetahui dan memahami kriteria klausula eksemsi dalam kontrak baku sehingga dapat digolongkan sebagai penyalahgunaan keadaan. Artikel ini mempergunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui inventarisasi, identifikasi dan sistematisasi terhadap bahan hukum primer dan sekunder, interpretasi (penafsiran) dan konstruksi dengan menggunakan penalaran deduktif. Bahan hukum dianalisis secara argumentasi yuridis terdiri atas diskursus hukum, retorika hukum dan logika hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Campur tangan negara ke dalam bidang ekonomi sosial, termasuk hukum kontrak adalah untuk membuat peraturan, menyelenggarakan pemerintahan dan fungsi mengadili dengan tujuan melindungi segenap bangsa Indonesia sebagaimana termaktub dalam Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia 1945 serta Sila ke 5 Pancasila; dan 2) Penyalahgunaan keadaan sebagai salah satu doktrin dalam pandangan pengadilan masih secara terbatas dijadikan pertimbangan dalam menjatuhkan putusan yang berkaitan dengan kontrak kredit, sedangkan pada kontrak perlindungan konsumen, ketika terjadi benturan kepentingan di antara para kontraktan meskipun telah dikualifisir sebagai penyalahgunaan keadaan, namun dijadikan dasar-dasar pertimbangan dalam menjatuhkan putusan.

The success of vaccine development, one of the experiments to cure this virus, namely Traditional knowledge for most people has an important role for food security and the health of millions of people in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the important role of the creator of traditional alternative medicine concoctions to prevent the transmission of Covid 19 in Ambon City, and the form of legal institutions by the Maluku Provincial Government to grant patents to the creators of traditional alternative medicine concoctions as local wisdom in handling treatment to prevent transmission. covid 19 in Ambon city. This research was conducted using an empirical juridical approach which is a descriptive study of qualitative analysis. The results showed that people in developing countries depend a lot on traditional medicine for up to 80% of their health needs. In addition, knowledge about health plants has become a source of modern medicine. The importance of the Government and society's attention to traditional knowledge and technology systems in Indonesia, especially in the field of herbal medicine. The occurrence of various polemics that often occur in the lives of indigenous peoples related to traditional healing for patients to prevent Covid-19 transmission in Ambon City.

Legislation Number 34 of 2007 concerning Bankruptcy and Postponement of Obligations of Debt Payments is not fully complete in order to protect the rights of creditors, in connection with the dispute of PT. Golden Adishoes has no clarity about repayment in full if it turns out that the debtor's assets are insolvent is not enough to pay all of his debts, indirectly the creditor is required to accept the fact that all of his debts will not be repaid in full by bankrupt debtors without any actions and what solutions can be made by the creditor before the bankruptcy application is filed by the bankrupt debtor to the Commercial Court.

In line with the rapidly growing trade trajectory, increasing and on an increasingly widespread and global scale, where corporate debt problem is getting complicated and requires effective legal regulation. The development of the global economy today requires the rule of bankruptcy law that is able to meet the legal needs of business people in the settlement of their accounts receivable. The monetary turmoil that occurred in mid-July 1997, resulted in a very wide impact on business development in Indonesia. In the face of this kind of thing, it is of course deemed necessary to take remedial measures, especially legal certainty in order to balance the interests of the company or the interest between creditors and debtors who go bankrupt. One of the legal means underlying the settlement of accounts payable is the regulations concerning the procedure of bankruptcy petition in the Commercial Court, as stipulated in Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 1 of 1998 on Amendment to the Law on Bankruptcy (Faillissement Verordening), which subsequently stipulated as Law No. 4 of 1998 on Bankruptcy, then underwent changes and improvements to Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 37 Year 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Suspension of Payment Obligation (PKPU). However, this law is felt to be less effective and less tested, due to the abuse of circumstances of interest, the factor of rights and power status factors in the current Bankruptcy application in the Commercial Court.

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