Abstract-This study aimed to evaluate the consistency between tertiary learners' writing self-efficacy and writing performance evaluation in academic writing in order to understand the tertiary students' self-efficacy phenomena in learning to write. Two measurements were analysed and compared namely the learners' writing self-efficacy scales and learners' writing performance. Basically, it is a case study where 33 UPM students participated in the research for four months. In this study, the learners' writing self-efficacy was assessed based on the writing self-efficacy (WSE) scale adapted from Bottomley, Henk & Melnick (1997), while, the document analysis was based on the students' writing performance throughout the four months. Overall, this study did not mainly based on the score of WSE scales only but also looked from the angle of the students' writing performance by looking at writing skills in detail namely content, organization, grammar, vocabulary and mechanic of writing. Here, the analysis of the essay and rating was done from the perspective of Jacobs, Zinkgraf, Wormuth, Hartfiel, & Hughey (1981) and adapted by Hedgcock and Lefkowitz (1992). In order to plot the consistency and trend of the two measurements (WSE and writing skills), ratio and Chi-square analysis were carried out using SPSS program. Findings showed that the distribution of writing skills performance vary depending on the self-efficacy level (i.e. high, average and low self-efficacy level).

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Abstrak. Makalah ini memfokus kepada komunikasi tradisi dalam kepengarangan manuskrip Melayu tradisional menerusi

Abstract The object of this research is about the social interaction and the Islamic law in the Surat Undang-Undang.  Islamic law is the core which is the core of the personality of the Malay community Malays consisting of rulers, kings, rulers, and people.  Surat Undang-Undang is kept in the Special Collection, Leiden University Library. Surat Undang-Undang contained twenty-four clauses that describe the customs and rules that should be guide in Malay traditional societies. However, this writing is focuses to the regulations and laws into the context of Islamic rules. This study was conducted to prove that the Surat Undang-Undang are full of Islamic values, social ethics, culture and rules. Through social interaction, Surat Undang-Undang is the intermediary for conveying religious values ​​and policies among the Malay community who at that time had just embraced Islamic values, ethics, culture and religion. Thus, social interaction between society, the ruler, the people and the people will be refined through the content analysis method by applying the Islamic approach as the basis of this researcg. This research has two objectives, firstly is to identify the rules and Islamic law contained in the Surat Undang-Undang.  Secondly, to analyze the Islamic rules and laws in the Surat Undang-Undang based on the concept of social interaction. Thus, this study were able to demonstrate the process of social interaction among the Malay traditional society, the harmonization of the relationship between the ruling class, the ruler and the rulership of the nation's integration regarding  to the al-Quran and Hadith. Abstrak Objek penelitian ini mengenai interaksi sosial dan peraturan Islam dalam Surat Undang-Undang.  Undang-undang Islam merupakan teras keperibadian masyarakat Melayu yang terdiri daripada golongan pemerintah (raja), para pembesar, dan rakyat.  Surat Undang-Undang merupakan manuskrip Melayu yang tersimpan di Koleksi Istimewa, perpustakaan Universiti Leiden. Manuskrip ini memuatkan dua puluh empat fasal yang menggambarkan adat dan peraturan yang perlu menjadi panduan dalam kalangan masyarakat Melayu tradisional. Justeru, penulisan ini berfokus kepada hal-hal yang bersangkutan dengan peraturan dan undang-undang untuk disuai padankan dengan konteks syariah dan ajaran Islam.  Kajian ini dilakukan untuk membuktikan bahawa Surat Undang-undang sarat dengan nilai, etika sosial, budaya dan peraturan yang berlandaskan Islam. Menerusi interaksi sosial, Surat Undang-undang merupakan perantara untuk  menyampaikan nilai-nilai dan dasar keagamaan dalam kalangan masyarakat Melayu yang pada ketika itu baharu sahaja menganuti nilai, etika sosial, budaya dan agama Islam.Golongan pemerintah dalam komuniti minoriti berusaha  membangun harmonisasi hubungan sosial kemasyarakatan dengan golongan rakyat sebagai komuniti majoriti.   Justeru, interaksi sosial antara lapisan masyarakat iaitu golongan pemerintah, pembesar dan rakyat akan diperhalusi menerusi kaedah analisis kandungan dengan menggunapakai pendekatan Islam.  Kajian ini mempunyai dua objektif iaitu mengenal pasti peraturan dan undang-undang Islam yang termuat dalam Surat Undang-Undang.  Keduanya, menganalisis peraturan dan undang-undang Islam dalam Surat Undang-Undang berlandaskan konsep interaksi sosial.  Oleh itu, kajian ini mampu memperlihatkan kaedah masyarakat tradisional berinteraksi, gambaran harmonisasi hubungan antara golongan pemerintah, pembesar dan rakyat sebagai integrasi bangsa dan merujuk kepada al-Quran dan hadis.

Language plays an important role in expressing Malay intellectuality. Research on selected folktales shows intellectual features are related to the socio-cultural aspects. The objectives of this study are Identifying and analyzing the language expression in revealing Malay intellectuality in selected folktales. The traditional Malay community uses subtle and effective language in expressing the socio-culture of the community around them. They are very concerned with courtesy and good values in their lives. Through the language expression, the far-seeing Malay values can be seen. Each story contains lessons delivered in a beautiful and understandable language that symbolizes Malay intellectuality. This study is important to preserve folk tales that have beauty from the aspect of language.