Esse estudo objetivou discutir a mediação pedagógica e as novas tecnologias, os avanços e as estruturas utilizadas nas práticas de ensino. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa de literatura científica sobre diferentes aspectos, funções e propriedades desempenhados pelas novas tecnologias e mediação pedagógica. A discussão perpassa pela complexidade das relações na sociedade atual e as mudanças que ocorrem na educação devido à existência das tecnologias. A escola é vista como um centro de alfabetização tecnológica, que introduz os educandos em uma realidade digitalizada. Os estudiosos citados defendem a ideia de que existem “nativos digitais” e “imigrantes digitais”, os primeiros sendo jovens que nasceram e cresceram com as Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs), e os segundos, pessoas que migraram para o mundo digital. Embora muitos estudantes estejam inseridos em um contexto digital, nem todos têm acesso às tecnologias devido às suas condições financeiras. Assim, a escola precisa buscar formas de incluir e promover o acesso dos menos favorecidos ao mundo digital, reinventando seus métodos e utilizando e implementando as TICs como prática pedagógica. A tecnologia deve ser vista como uma ferramenta integrada na mudança estrutural da ação educativa, permitindo que educadores e educandos aprendam de uma maneira mais significativa e contextual cada assunto que estudam. Por fim, o texto destaca a importância da ressignificação e atualização do papel do professor nesse contexto pós-moderno.

Environmental enrichment is a dynamic process consisting of a set of activities designed to meet the ethological and psychological needs of animals. It stimulates the natural behavior of each animal species improving the well-being of the individual and avoiding the development of stereotyped behaviors. The present study aimed to assess the potential benefits that four different types of environmental enrichment would bring to the quality of life of shelter dogs. Twenty dogs were observed for 6 hours daily for 5 consecutive days in the first week in order to assess and document their behavior patterns in an experimental kennel. Between the second to the fourth week, 3 forms of game and 1 type of food enrichment were used in the first 4 days of each week. On the fifth day of each week, behavioral patterns were recorded and later compiled and analyzed according to the Tukey test. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in behaviors associated with lying down, standing up, and licking. Based on our findings, we concluded that the use of environmental enrichment methods through different types of games and toys in shelters decreased signs of depression and stereotyped behavior of kennelled dogs. Results of the present study showed that these tools may help improve life quality of these animals.

This case study describes the cytological and histopathological findings of cutaneous masses in a bovine, including a peripheral nerve sheath tumor (PNST), vaccine-associated granulomatous inflammation, and eosinophilic inflammation due to parasitosis. A six-year-old undefined cow (SRD) presented with heterogeneous cutaneous lesions including multiple nodules in the left paralumbar fossa, bilaterally at the withers, and scattered along the dorsum, limbs and near the tail; some lesions were associated with ticks. Cytology of these nodules showed benign mesenchymal neoplasia (paralumbar fossa), granulomatous and pyogranulomatous inflammation (withers) and keratin (dorsum). Histopathology, in this order, confirmed PNST, post-vaccination granuloma, and eosinophilic dermatitis. A peripheral nerve sheath tumor was suspected based on the histological findings, showing a well-delineated proliferation of fusiform cells arranged in plexiform structures, which appeared red by Masson's Trichrome stain. The diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemistry (anti-S100 antibody). Vaccine reaction often occurs in cattle, and cytological examination is sufficient to determine the inflammatory process. Eosinophilic dermatitis is usually accompanied by perivascular inflammation and reflects the exfoliative process by the oral apparatus of the parasite. ResumoDescrevem-se os achados citológicos e histopatológicos do tumor de bainha de nervo periférico (TBNP), da reação vacinal e da inflamação eosinofílica decorrente dapicada de carrapatoem um bovino. Uma vaca sem raça definida (SRD) de seis anos de idade foi apresentada com diferentes lesões cutâneasnodulares localizadas na fossa paralombar esquerda, bilateralmente na cernelha e dispersos no dorso, membros e próximo à cauda, por vezes associado a carrapatos. Realizou-se citologia e biópsia desses nódulos. Na citologia verificou-se neoplasia mesenquimal benigna (fossa paralombar), inflamação granulomatosa e piogranulomatosa (cernelha) e ceratina (dorso). Na histopatologia, confirmou-se que esses nódulos correspondiam, nessa ordem, a tumor de bainha de nervo periférico, granuloma vacinal e dermatite eosinofílica. O diagnóstico do TBNP foi estabelecido com base nos achados histológicos, que caracterizaram-se por uma proliferação bem delimitada de células fusiformes arranjadas em estruturas plexiformes, corados em vermelho pelo Tricômico de Masson, e confirmado por imuno-histoquímica (anticorpo anti-S100). A reação vacinal ocorre frequentemente em bovinos e o exame citológico é suficiente para determinação do processo inflamatório. Dermatite eosinofílica em geral é acompanhada de inflamação perivascular e perianexal e reflete a ação esfoliativa do aparato bucal do parasita. Palavras-chave: Dermatopatia. Inflamação eosinofílica. Inflamação granulomatosa. Ruminante. Tumor de bainha do nervo periférico.

Thyroid dysfunction substantially affects the quality of life due to its association with various disorders in different organs. A low intake of selenium and zinc can predispose to thyroid alterations, resulting in hypothyroidism. A deficiency of selenium and zinc causes direct and indirect skin lesions, both by the action of free radicals on the skin and by thyroid dysfunction. The aim of this study was to describe natural cases of diffuse alopecia and thyroid abnormalities in sheep with selenium and zinc deficiency. Five adult sheep presented marked and diffuse alopecia, and the residual hairs were dry and brittle. The skin was thick and crusty, with marked peeling. The triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) serum concentrations were below reference values for the species. Zinc and Se concentrations were low in both the serum and liver. During necropsy, cachexia associated with serous fat atrophy was observed, and the thyroid glands showed marked atrophy. Microscopically, the thyroid presented multifocal to coalescent atrophy, with atrophied and dilated follicles, macrophage infiltration, and the presence of fibrous connective tissue. The skin revealed hyperkeratosis and edema. It is concluded that thyroid atrophy, alopecia, and hyperkeratosis are associated with low serum and liver concentrations of zinc and selenium in sheep.

Background: Myxosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal tumor that arises from fibroblasts and is characterized by a low frequency of metastases, which in turn are highly invasive locally. Even though this type of tumor is relatively well documented, its radiographic and cytomorphological aspects are rarely described. The present report describes a case of cutaneous myxosarcoma in a female dog, and highlights radiographic, cytological, and histopathological findings. Case: An 11-year-old female mongrel dog was examined at the Veterinary Hospital of Federal University of Paraíba. The patient exhibited a firm 20 cm-wide mass covered by skin in the left abdominal wall, a lesion that had been developing for approximately five months. During the clinical examination, the patient demonstrated apathy and difficulty to stand. Initially, exams requested included radiography, ultrasonography, and cytological analysis of biopsy material obtained by fine needle aspiration (FNA). Radiography and ultrasonography were used to investigate the extent of the tumor, as well as invasion of other organs. Radiography revealed that the tumor was radiopaque, homogeneous, and restricted to the skin and subcutaneous tissue; no metastases were observed. Cytological examination allowed observation of a hypocellular sample predominantly composed of isolated pleomorphic fusiform cells embedded in a discrete homogeneous eosinophilic material. These cells exhibited a moderate, well delimited cytoplasm with multiple vacuoles; the end opposed to the nucleus was slender. Their nuclei were eccentric, with punctate chromatin and inconspicuous nucleoli. The patient was subjected to complete surgical excision of the tumor, and the surgical piece was submitted to histopathological examination. The mass was described as single and firm; its dimensions were 20 cm x 16 cm x 15 cm, and its weight was 2.5 kg. Fragments were processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) or alcian blue (AB) for evaluation by optical microscopy. Histopathology revealed an infiltrative, expansive, non-encapsulated mass characterized by mesenchymal cells ranging from elongated to stellate. These cells were well individualized, had a scant to moderate cytoplasm, indistinct and slightly eosinophilic borders, and a nucleus that varied from oval to stellate in shape, with highly condensed chromatin and inconspicuous nucleoli. AB-stained specimens exhibited an extensive myxomatous matrix stained in blue, which was intertwined with neoplastic cells. Therefore, the diagnosis of cutaneous myxosarcoma was confirmed. Discussion: The diagnosis of myxosarcoma was established on the basis of radiographic and cytological findings, and it was confirmed by histopathological examination, which sped up decision-making and completion of the case. Tumors of this group are not accompanied by paraneoplastic syndromes; however, given the size and weight of the mass under study, pain may have been the triggering factor of the apathy and difficulty to stand observed here. The age of the patient and t...