Objective To review the mechanisms of endometriosis development, including those related to epigenetic mutations, cellular dysregulation, inflammatory processes, and oxidative stress. Methods A systematic literature review regarding current aspects of endometriosis etiology, genesis and development was performed using the PubMed, Google Scholar, and eLibrary databases. Keywords included endometriosis, etiology, development, genesis, associations and mechanisms. A multilingual search was performed. Results Several mechanisms underline the pathophysiological pathways for endometriosis development. Epigenetic mutations, external and internal influences, and chronic conditions have a significant impact on endometriosis development, survival and regulation. Several historically valid theories on endometriosis development were discussed, as well as updated findings. Conclusion Despite recent advances, fundamental problems in understanding endometriosis remain unresolved. The identification of unknown circulating epithelial progenitors or stem cells that are responsible for epithelial growth in both the endometrium and endometriotic foci seems to be the next step in solving these questions.

The patients with SE were identified to have endometrial dysfunction characterized by lower reception to steroid hormones, impairment in glycodelin secretion, retardation in the development of pinopods and in the phase of the menstrual cycle, and local immunity disorders. The above endometrial changes should be taken into account in the pregravid preparation of patients with CE.

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Introduction. Diseases that are not directly related to obstetric pathology and childbirth fade into the back-ground and are not always included in the maternal mortality, but their significance can hardly be overes-timated. A special group of such pathologies comprises infectious diseases, the prevalence of which varies significantly in different countries. As a rule, these diseases are characterized by a severe course and are life-threatening for the mother and the child. The most relevant among them are HIV infection, tuberculosis, infectious endocarditis, and sepsis. The aim of the study was to consider the leading extragenital causes of maternal mortality and to assess the importance of infectious pathology based on the pathological findings. Materials and methods. The study included 38 pathological autopsies, 10 of which are described in more detail. Medical documentation, autopsy protocols for deceased pregnant women, women in labor, and women in childbirth were examined. Causes of death were classified according to the ICD-10 criteria. A clinical and morphological study was carried out, and supportive laboratory techniques were used (microbiological, histobacterioscopic, molecular genetic, serological, and cytological tests). Results. As it follows from the autopsy report data from 2013 to 2019 in Moscow, the extragenital pathology accounted for 38 lethal cases (46.9% of all maternal deaths), of which 10 (26.3%) cases were associated with infectious pathology. Conclusion. Extragenital pathology, although not a leading cause of maternal mortality, remains a crucial obstetric problem. Infectious diseases, primarily HIV infection, are the significant cause of extragenital morbidity. Keywords: maternal mortality, extragenital infectious pathology, tuberculosis, HIV infection, infectious endocarditis, drug addiction, Kaposi’s sarcoma

The crucial role of chronic endometritis in the genesis of endometrial dysfunction has been currently established. The inflammatory process serves as a co-factor and leads to a decrease in the receptivity of the sex hormones of the endometrium due to impaired blood circulation of the tissue and fibrosis in the stroma of the endometrium. This article is devoted to the study of the morpho-functional state of the endometrium in women of the reproductive age with abnormal uterine bleeding, in whom endometritis was diagnosed pathomorphologically, which is important for clarifying indications for the pregravid preparation in the future. A comprehensive examination of patients with abnormal uterine bleeding includes: bacterial culture (PCR) of the cervical canal and uterine cavity, hormonal profile, ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs and a complex histological examination of the uterine biopsy at the 7–10th and 19–21st days of the menstrual cycle, followed by immunohistochemical examination with the use of antibodies to the receptors of estrogens and progesterone, glycodelin, CD138, CD4, CD8, CD20.