These results suggest that PEN110 inactivates HIV-1 by targeting the viral nucleic acid.

We have identified 149 hybridization probes at 10-cM intervals in the mouse and have confirmed their order and linkage by fluorescence in situ hybridization. These probes represent a new resource for mapping in the mouse and can be used to correlate linkage and cytogenetic maps, to map novel sequences to within a few centimorgans, to relate cytogenetic abnormalities to the genetic map, and to make cross-species comparisons.

We have developed a method, which we have named hybridization-banding, to identify simultaneously all chromosomes in a mouse metaphase spread. The method uses a combination of hybridization probes labeled with a single fluor to yield a simple, unique, readily identifiable hybridization pattern on each chromosome. The method is superior to Giemsa- or fluorescence-based banding methods for chromosome identification because the hybridization patterns are simpler and easier to identify, and unique patterns can be designed at will for each chromosome. Analysis can be performed with a standard fluorescence microscope, and images can be recorded on film with an ordinary 35-mm camera, making the method useful to many investigators. The method can also be applied to any species for which chromosomes and probes can be prepared.

We have used in situ PCR technology in yeast cells with the ultimate goal of cloning and screening genomic yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) libraries. The target sequences in YAC clones were amplified "in situ" in yeast cells by the same set of microsatellite primers used in solution-based PCR screening. The method is fast and sensitive and obviates the steps required for individual isolation of DNAs from hundreds to thousands of YAC clones and thus has an advantage over conventional solution-based PCR screening. This approach can conceivably be applied to the products of automated robotic workstations.