No abstract

This paper presents the results of an international intercomparison of photovoltaic (PV) performance measurernents and calibrations. The intercomparison, which was organized and operated by a group of experts representing national laboratories from across the globe (i.e., the authors of this paper), was accomplished by circulating two sample sets. One set consisted of twenty silicon reference cells that would, hopefully, form the basis of an international PV reference scale. PI qualification procedure applied to the calibration results gave average calibration numbers with an overall standard deviation of less than 2% for the entire set. The second set was assembled from a wide range of newer technologies that present unique problems for PV measurements. As might be expected, these results showed much larger differences among laboratories. Methods were then identified that should be used to measure such devices, along with problems to avoid.

This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their emplcyees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accurzcy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, produc!, or process disclosed, or represents that its use vroulc! not infringe privatety owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily cons'itute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof.

No abstract

The use of the synchrotron radiation (SR) in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectroscopy and radiometry opens new doors for a researcher. In this connection a consideration of SR characteristics of small size specialized SR sources, which can be available even in single laboratories, is given below. "TROLL" is an electron synchrotron with a cyclotron preacceleration. It has been developed as a specialized SR source for the calibration of VUV sources as secondary standards in the spectral range of 40-250 nm in the units of spectral radiance. In conclusion there is summary of advantages of small size accelerators.