SUMMARY. Cell membrane cholesterol is an important determinant of membrane fluidity. Changes in fluidity have important consequences for membrane function. Treatment of hypercholesterolaemia could therefore affect membrane function by reducing cell membrane cholesterol levels. The aim of this study was to determine whether treatment with simvastatin affects membrane cholesterol and the activity of the polymorphonuclear cell membrane enzyme NADPH oxidase. Blood was obtained from 12 hypercholesterolaemic patients before, and 6 weeks after, treatment with simvastatin, and from 20 normolipidaemic subjects. Cell cholesterol was in the unesterified form indicating that it was membrane-associated. Pretreatment mean cell cholesterol concentration in the hyperlipidaemics was higher (P < 0,05) than in the normolipidaemics [4,19 fmol/cell, 95% confidence interval (Cl) 3·38-5·05 versus 3·10frnol/cell, 95% Cl 2'58-3'61]. There was a strong correlation between cell cholesterol content and NADPH oxidase lag phase (R,=0'76, P
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