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Using the protocol of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) for the determination of absorbed dose from high-energy radiation, the calibration factor Ngas, for the PTW M23343 plane-parallel ionization chamber has been determined, in 60Co and high-energy electron beams. To do this two cylindrical chambers of different wall materials and known values of Ngas have been used as reference chambers. The authors' results show that the Ngas value for the plane-parallel chamber determined in the 60Co beam is about 2% higher than the value obtained in the high-energy electron beams. The discrepancy is attributed to not taking into account a wall correction factor for the plane-parallel chamber while calibrating in the 60Co beam.

Globalization has had a profound effect on all aspects of society. These extraordinary vicissitudes befall those who have a strong desire to achieve something in their lives. One of the vicissitudes which the current society faces in this globalised world is enhancement in English communication skills. When people clearly convey their thoughts and opinions to others, they achieve their intended objectives of the goal. Since English is a lingua franca of the world, English communication skills are essential at the present time, and mastery of these skills is necessary to succeed in one's chosen field. It is also very evident that, in a globalised world, speaking is the most important of the four language skills. Language classroom is a great setting for learning effective communication skills, especially speaking skills. To help English language learners (ELLs) speak more fluently, teachers must be aware of their challenges and use a variety of teaching strategies, so that ELLs may considerably improve their speaking skills. This paper emphasises the value of learning the foundations of the English-speaking skills. It also explains the role played by several strategies and instructional materials in imparting English speaking skills for EFL/ESL students. Finally, this research offers some useful suggestions for teachers on how to incorporate a variety of activities that encourage ELLs to improve their oral communication skills in English classes.