The objective of this article is to study the effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and enhanced chlorophyll content, antioxidative enzymes and photosynthesis rate by foliar application of ALA. We evaluated three concentrations (control-distilled water, T1-50 mg l -1 , T2-150 mg l -1 , T3-250 mg l -1

The objective of the present work was selection of cultivar and suitable medium for regenerating shoots from leaf segments of non-heading Chinese cabbage. We evaluated six types of supplemented media with 2.0, 5.0 and 10.0 mg l -1 6-BA; 1.0 and 2.0 mg l -1 TDZ; 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.8 and 1.0 mg l -1 NAA; 3.0, 5.0 and 7.5 mg l -1 AgNO 3 ; 0.01 mg l -1 2-4, D and 4.0 mg l -1 KT for shoot regeneration and six cultivars root formation three types of supplemented media with 0.2, 0.3, 0.5 mg l -1 NAA, and for survival rate two types of base media: turf ? vermiculite ? manure (1:2:0.2) and soil ? vermiculite (1:2). Culturing leaf segments on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg l -1 TDZ; 0.5 mg l -1 NAA and 7.5 mg l -1 AgNO 3 gave the highest number of shoots per leaf segment (66) while roots were best formed on the medium supplemented with 0.2 mg l -1 NAA. Survival rate was highest (61.6%) in the turf: vermiculite: manure (1:2:0.2) medium. The highest percentage of responding leaf segments, number of shoots per leaf segment, rooting percentage and survival rate were observed in ''Liuchuandasuomian''. The plantlets were transferred to the soil and grown into mature plants in pots.These results could be used for preliminary selections of cultivars to transfer disease resistance (Bt) gene through agrobacterium in non-heading Chinese cabbage.

Current research wasconducted to analyze the coefficient and distribution of direct and indirect influence of yield components and earliness characteristics in wheat genotypes. Both experiments were carried out at the Pot House of the (NIA Nuclear Institute of Agriculture, Tandojam)(Latitude: 25.433. Longitude: 68.533), the experiment was established as a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Therewere six varieties of wheat, namely IBWSN1010, IBWSN 1025, TD1, ESW9525 Chakwal86 and Khirman, which were used to study the correlation coefficient between morphological and physiological traits. The study was based on fifteen (15) morphologically and physiologicallytraits that were observed. The analysis of variance showed significant differences between the characteristics of the varieties. The ESW9525 showed better performanceforall morphological and physiological traits. The correlation and the coefficientanalysisshowed that the days to maturity and the days to growth predicted significant positive predictions related to the height of the plant (cm) and the length of the ear. Days to75% heading and days to 75% maturity showed negative and positive effects forosmotic potential, relative water content in% and total chlorophyll content in%. Plant height (cm) had negative and positive and significant withtiller plant-1. Therefore,in our research trial,variety ESW9525 may be favorable for hybridization in orderto produce a promising and drought tolerant wheat cultivar

Drought is a significant issue because of the worldwide effects of climate change and the negative effects it has on wheat output. For improving production in water-scarce locations, screening drought-tolerant wheat cultivars is crucial. At the Plant Physiology Division of NIA, Tando Jam, the current experiment was conducted during the Rabi year of 2021. At both the P0.01 and P0.05 probability levels, the growth measurements at the seedling stage revealed extremely significant variations for all characteristics among genotypes, treatments, and interactions. The results demonstrated a stronger osmotic impact when using -0.5 MPa PEG. At the seedling stage, the genotype SDW-3 had higher decreases in a number of growth indices, such as shoot length (-11.3), root length (-72.6), and shoot fresh weight (-4.4), with an increase in PEG (-0.5 MPa) level. According to the results of the current study, all six wheat genotypes' seed incubation shoot, root length, and shoot fresh weight drastically decreased under laboratory conditions due to osmotic stress. The genotype SDW-3 showed the greatest decrease under increased osmotic stress brought on by PEG-6000 (-5.0 MPa). As a result, the genotypes AST-1(V1), SDW-1, and SDW-2 may be employed in future breeding programmes and are drought resistant.